Western Civ. Unit 6

Question 1

born in Bethlehem in Judea sometime around 6 to 4BC, raised in Nazareth, baptized by John the Baptist, was a carpenter-founder of Christianity

Answer 1

Jesus

Question 2

12 men who were Jesus’ disciples or pupils; thought to have written the first four books of New Testament of the Bible

Answer 2

Apostle

Question 3

apostle of Christ, never met Jesus, used Greek and Latin to spread teaching, included Jews and Gentiles–taught throughout Roman empire–wrote letters which became the Epistles

Answer 3

Paul

Question 4

Jewish people driven from their homeland into exile because of rebelling against the Romans

Answer 4

Diaspora

Question 5

emperor of Rome in 312 AD; credited his success in battle to the Christian God; accepted Christianity–ended persecution–approved Christianity as a Roman religion

Answer 5

Constantine

Question 6

a level of church hierarchy; each city would have its own bishop

Answer 6

Bishop

Question 7

first bishop of Rome; the ‘rock’ on which Christianity would be built

Answer 7

Peter

Question 8

the head of the Christian Church; Peter was first pope

Answer 8

Pope

Question 9

What event do you think had the biggest impact? Explain.

Answer 9

Jesus of Nazareth (biggest impact), Jesus’

death, Paul’s mission, Constantine.

Question 10

What did Jesus emphasize in his early teachings?

Answer 10

Personal relationships with God, importance of people’s love to God, neighbors and enemies. Also, offered eternal life if you repented for your sins

Question 11

Why did the early Christians face persecution from the

Romans?

Answer 11

Because they refused to worship the Roman gods

Question 12

What was the importance of the Nicene Creed?

Answer 12

It defined the Church basic beliefs

Question 13

Drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices

Answer 13

Inflation

Question 14

Soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army to defend against the increasing threats in the empire

Answer 14

Mercenary

Question 15

Strong willed army leader who became the new emperor

Answer 15

Diocletian

Question 16

New capital in Rome

Answer 16

Constantinople

Question 17

Germanic assault on the empire, became a direct threat

Answer 17

Attila

Question 18

How did these problems open the empire to invading people?

Answer 18

Inflation, political instability, and untrustworthy army

Question 19

What were the main internal causes of the empires decline?

Answer 19

The political instability, social decline, economic deterioration, and military collapse

Question 20

How did Diocletian succeed in preserving the empire?

Answer 20

He split the empire into a Eastern and Western side, and had a person rule the western half while he ruled the eastern half. he ruled with an iron fist and limited personal freedoms

Question 21

Why did so many Germanic tribes begin invading the Roman Empire?

Answer 21

The Huns pushed into there land so they tried to flee from the Huns, and ended up pushing into Roman lands

Question 22

Culture developed from the blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures

Answer 22

Greco-Roman Culture

Question 23

Roman town destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Answer 23

Pompeii

Question 24

Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid

Answer 24

Virgil

Question 25

Roman historian who recorded the good and bad of imperial Rome

Answer 25

Tacitus

Question 26

Pipeline or channel built to carry water

Answer 26

Aqueduct

Question 27

Which accomplishment do you consider most important?Why?

Answer 27

Fine Arts—Sculpture, mosaics; Law—Fair laws applied equally to all people; Literature—Virgil, Ovid, Tacitus; Engineering—Arch, dome, concrete. (laws and engineering because of long-term effects.)

Question 28

What is Greco-Roman culture?

Answer 28

The mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman | cultures.

Question 29

In what way did Roman art differ from Greek art?

Answer 29

The Greeks were known for beautiful but idealized sculpture; Roman sculptors created more realistic works.

Question 30

What influence did Latin have on the development of Western languages?

Answer 30

It forms the basis for Western languages such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian; more than half of English words have a basis in Latin.

Question 31

A conflict between two political groups within the same country

Answer 31

Civil War

Question 32

A Roman general, statesman, consul; played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire

Answer 32

Julius Caesar

Question 33

Group of three leaders sharing control of the government

Answer 33

Triumvirate

Question 34

First Roman emperor (Octavian) who gained power after defeating the combined forces of Cleopatra and Mark Antony

Answer 34

Augustus

Question 35

Period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire

Answer 35

Pax Romana

Question 36

What changes in Rome do you consider negative?

Answer 36

The Roman's republic turning into an empire is a negative because the empire doesn't represent the people

Question 37

What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman republic?

Answer 37

The growing discontent among the lower classes of society and a breakdown in military order

Question 38

What were the main reasons for the Romans success in controlling such a large empire?

Answer 38

Efficient government and adequate rulers

Question 39

What measures did the government take to distract and control the masses of Rome?

Answer 39

The government provided free games, events, races, and, most importantly, gladiator battles

Question 40

Form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote

Answer 40

Republic

Question 41

A member of the wealthy, privileged upper class

Answer 41

Patrician

Question 42

One of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population

Answer 42

Plebeian

Question 43

An official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights

Answer 43

Tribune

Question 44

One of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government

Answer 44

Consul

Question 45

The supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats

Answer 45

Senate

Question 46

A political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time

Answer 46

Dictator

Question 47

Military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on Horseback

Answer 47

Legion

Question 48

Series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 b.c.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean

Answer 48

Punic Wars

Question 49

A military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat

Answer 49

Hannibal

Question 50

What do you consider to be the key characteristic of the Roman Republic?

Answer 50

Their strong military and powerful government

Question 51

What limits were there on the power of Roman consul?

Answer 51

They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision

Question 52

What was the significance of the Twelve Tables?

Answer 52

To ensure that all free citizens had protection under the law, all laws were carved on twelve tablets and hung in a forum

Question 53

How was Hannibal's attack on Rome daring and different?

Answer 53

Instead of a head on attack, he used a surprise attack