Western Civ Semester Final Flashcards
What happened after the German invasion of Poland?
Britain and France declare war on Germany
What did the blitzkrieg rely on?
Surprise and overwhelming force
What was the attack on Pearl Harbor described as?
A date which will live in infamy
What was the battle of Midway?
The turning point in the war in the Pacific against the Japanese
Where were the atomic bombs dropped?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What is militarism
The policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war
What was the Balkan Peninsula?
The powder keg of Europe
Schlieffen plan
Defeat France than Russia
How did the central powers get their name?
Because of their location in the heart of Europe
Total war
All resources devoted to war effort
Signing of armistice on November 11, 1918, did what
End World War I
What was 14 points?
A plan for the post war world
What treaty was Germany forced to assume responsibility for World War I
Treaty of Versailles
Industrial revolution
Increased output of machine made goods that began in England in the 18th century
What are factors of production?
Land labor and capital
Who did landowners and Aristocats look down on?
Wealthy members of the middle class
Unions
Voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms
What percent of France population belonged to the third estate?
About 98%
What happened on Bastille Day
A mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder
What does the declaration of the rights of man state?
That men are born and remain free and equal in rights
No one was safe from what during the reign of terror
Guillotine
What happened in peacetime
Napoleon set up public schools, a system of laws and a fairer tax code
Why did Napoleon attack Portugal?
To enforce the terms of the continental system
What did the Congress of Vienna want?
To establish a balance of power in Europe
Who was Klemens von Metternich
The most influential leader of the Congress of Vienna
The heliocentric theory was proposed by
Nicholas Copernicus
What did Isaac Newton explain
The law of universal gravitation
What did philosophes believe in?
Progress for society
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the main economy in new France?
The fur trade
Who did Cortez conquer
The Aztecs
Why did Europeans prefer African slaves?
Because they were strangers in the Americas and they wouldn’t have any allies or places to hide
What was the purpose of most joint stock companies?
Funding colonies in the Americas
What did the encomienda system provide
Cheap labor source
What policy did Japan Institute?
A closed country policy to control foreign ideas
What was the Renaissance?
Rebirth of art and learning
What did humanist focus on?
Human potential and achievement
What are the Medici famous for
Being rulers and supporters of the arts
The Bible was the first book printed by who
Gutenberg
Indulgences
Pardons releasing people from performing penalties for their sons
What did Henry VIII declare himself as?
The head of the Church of England
What did John Calvin teach?
Predestination
What did Ignatius of Loyola found
The Jesuit order
What did Kristallnacht have Nazi troops attack?
Jewish homes businesses and synagogues
What was the goal of the final solution?
Genocide of people, the Nazis considered inferior
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
Referred to sinking any ship in British waters without warning
The treaty of Versailles
The treaty of Versailles left a legacy of hatred and bitterness in the hearts of the German people
Why is India considered the jewel of in the crown of the British empire
Because it was the most valuable colony
What happened at the Berlin conference?
Europeans divided Africa without consulting African leaders
What happened during the industrial revolution?
The population of cities grew faster than the housing supply
What did proposed taxation of the second estate lead to?
The first meeting of the estate general in 175 years
What did revolutionaries finally force?
Robespierre from power
Why did the Napoleon not sell the Louisiana territory?
To punish sugar growers
What forced Napoleon to abandon his plans to invade Britain
The battle of Trafalgar
How did Britain react to the continental system
Organizing its own blockade
What does the law of Universal Gravitation state
All physical objects are affected by the same forces
What did the enlightenment promote
A belief in progress a more secular outlook and faith in science
What started ww1
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What resulted in Germany having to fight a two front war
The first battle of the Marne
What was the purpose of the Berlin conference
Prevent fighting between European powers over the division of Africa
What did Britain railroads offer
Cheap transportation of people and goods
What did not improve living conditions in cities
Industrialization
Who invented the microscope
Zachaias Janssen
The Spanish did not have a larger force when
Conquering the Aztecs
Why did the English want control of New Netherlands
Because it separated their northern and southern colonies
What led to a severe shortage of labor in the Americas
Loss of natives to disease
According to mercantilism
A national increases its wealth by selling more than it buys
What was an effect of the African slave trade on Africa
They lost their fittest members and families were torn apart
What were Europeans main motives for exploration
Grow wealthy and spread Christianity
How many overseas explorations did Zheng He lead
7
Why did China reject British trade
They would not kowtow (bow) to the emperor
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas ment to do
Decrease conflict over the claiming of new lands
Where did prince Henry set up navigation schools
On the coast of Portugal
Why was Italy the birthplace of the renaissance
It had access to Roman ruins and manuscripts from Constantinople
What led to the increase in literacy and use of vernacular
The printing press
What was one of Luther’s main beliefs
That all people with faith are equal
What was the main reason for Henry V111 (8) to split with the Roman Catholic Church
His desire for a male heir
What did the Soviet Union sign in 1939
A non-aggression pact with Germany
Who helped lead Portugal in overseas
Prince Henry
What was the most important trade good for on the east in the 1400
Spices
What did the line of Demarcation establish
A boundary between lands that could be claimed by Spain and Portugal
What was rationing designed to do
Limit purchases of consumer goods
What did the Zimmermann note expose
The German plan to help Mexico regain US territory
When was the Allies invasion of France
D day
Sepoys
Indian soldiers
Who was the worlds leading exporter of rubber
Malaysia
What was the main reason for British colonization of Singapore
To obtain the use of its harbor
Who was the last monarch of Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani
