Western civ midterm Flashcards
what war influenced Woodrow Wilson’s views toward World War I?
Vietnam
in 1914, what person in Wilson’s life died?
his wife
Who had the largest army in the world at the beginning of the 20th century?
germany
who was the ruler of Germany at the outbreak of WWI?
Kaiser Wilhelm
after 5 months in WWI, how many were dead?
1 million
who does Wilson fall in love with?
Edith
what luxury liner was sunk by Germans?
Lusitania
how many drowned on the Lusitania?
1200
when did the Lusitania sink in relation to the Titanic?
3 years later
what were the “dud” shells nicknamed by British troops?
Wilsons
how many casualties were in the Battle of Somme?
22,000
who was sent to Russia by the Germans?
Vladimir Lennon
what is the only part of Wilson’s plan that he got into the treaty?
the league of nations
Did the US adopt the Treaty of Versailles?
no
when was the armistice signed?
November 11, 1918
how many died in the four years of war?
about 40 million
who were kaiser Wilhelm’s cousins?
Czar Nicholas and King George V
who was kaiser Wilhelm’s grandmother?
queen Victoria
according to their mythological past, Rome’s foundation was connected to two brothers named?
Romulus and Remus
what language does Rome use?
latin
what were the two divisions of roman society?
Patricians and Plebeians
who were the punic wars between?
Rome and Pheonicians
who marched elephants over the alps to attack Rome?
General Hannibal
who made up the first Triumvirate?
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
Who made up the second Triumvirate?
Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
who was the first roman emperor?
Augustus
who was the great 18th century historian of Rome?
Edward Gibbon
what are the two major people groups who limited the Roman Empire’s expansion?
Germans and Persians
who was the roman emperor who established the “Dominate”?
Diocletian
how many liberal arts were there?
7
what does BC stand for?
“before Christ”
what do you call believers in a secret knowledge that emphasized dualism?
Gnosticism
what is the belief that those whom Jesus had charged with His mission could pass on that authority to others?
Apostilic Succession
who ordered the issuing of the Edict of Milan?
Emperor Constantine
arianism was denounced as a heresy at which council?
council of Nicaea
which german tribe sacked Rome in 410?
Visigoth
who was the author of “The City of God”?
Augustine of Hippo
which famous historian blamed the fall of Rome on the Christians?
Edward Gibbon
which group forced a great Germanic migration into Rome?
the Huns
who is considered to be the last emperor of Rome and the first Byzantine Emperor?
Emperor Justinian
What does islam mean?
submission
how many pillars of islam are there?
5
what year did the last Roman emperor die in Byzantium?
1453
T/F: Abelard was first renowned as a great soldier
false
T/F: Abelard always wanted to go to Paris but never got to go
false
who was Abelard’s first teacher?
William of Champeaux
who was Heloise’s uncle?
Fulbert
T/F: Abelard lamented how difficult Scripture was for him to understand
false
T/F: Abelard and Heloise had a son together
True
T/F: Heloise eagerly married Abelard
false
T/F: Abelard is mutilated by Muslims in the Battle of Poitiers
False
T/F: Abelard is eventually put in charge of an Abbey
true
T/F: Abelard is a surprisingly early feminist
false
T/F: Abelard clearly suffers throughout his life from self-doubt
false
T/F: there is no such thing as a free market; all markets have rules and costs
True
What english/welsh weapon limited the importance of knights (and led to the only legal sport in England for a time)?
longbow
what new technology helped the French to drive the English out of France in the later years of the 100 years war?
gun powder
what was the rise of capitalism in the West from 1350-1600 known as?
commercial revolution
which family/dynasty arose triumphant out of the War of the Roses?
Tudor dynasty
King Frederick III ascension as Holy Roman Emperor in 1438 marked the beginning of which dynasty that lasted till 1918?
Habsburg dynasty
the rise of which eastern empire posed the greatest threat to Late Medieval Christendom?
ottoman empire
Who wrote “The Prince” as a book of advice for the Medici family?
Machiavelli
which german invention enabled both the renaissance and the reformation?
printing press
who was the most famous christian humanist?
erasmus
which city-state first adopted the reforming message of jean calvin?
geneva, switzerland
what book brought a sustaining unity to the english reformed church?
book of common prayer
what catholic council was called to address the various reforming developments in the church?
council of trent
the last religious war in europe ended with what peace conference?
Peace of westphalia
what were the three driving forces behind European exploration and expansion?
God (converting the rest of the world to Christianity)
Greed (money)
Glory (pride)
what european country led the way in exploration and trade?
portugal
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
the Americas were named after who?
amerigo vespucci
what were the two most developed American tribes?
aztec and incan
Which economic theory emphasized the accumulation of wealth in precious metals with a country’s borders?
economic theory of mercantilism
before europe became the default center of maps, what place was?
Jerusalem
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
who was the author of the “Communist Manisfesto”
Karl Marx
what did they call those that resisted the rise of machines?
Luddites
what was the “greatest invention of human history”?
indoor plumbing
what was the most notable and effective terrorist group of the 19th century?
anarchists
what was the varied group that “in all its forms wanted to improve workers’ rights rights and lives”
socialism
who is particularly associated with assembly-line production?
Henry Ford
Pavlac puts Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum Novarum in which socialist camp?
christian socialism
Some people believe that human ethics should embrace selfishness, greed, and exploiting the weak. These folks are inspired by what 19th century scientist?
Charles Darwin (social darwinism)
who proved many illnesses come from bacteria and viruses?
Louis Pasteur
Samuel Smiles argued that “________ is the root of all genuine growth in the individual; and, exhibited in the lives of many, it constitutes the true source of national vigor and strength”
the spirit of self-help
Who is the British socialist who settled New Harmony, Indiana and claimed that if you eliminate the circumstances which tend to create crime, “crime will not be created”?
Robert Owen
Who is the British socialist who settled New Harmony, Indiana and claimed that if you eliminate the circumstances which tend to create crime, “crime will not be created”?
Robert Owen
what are the rough years of the middle ages?
dark ages
who was the greatest survivor of Rome’s collapse in Western Europe?
the christian church
Who preserved the books of classical antiquity during the middle ages?
monks
which german tribe(s) conquered and thrived in England?
anglo-saxons, Franks
which german tribe thrived on the continent although was nearly wiped out by muslim invaders?
Franks
who was the general of the Franks who stopped the Muslim advance at the Battle of Tours/Poitiers?
Charles Martel
who was the figure that embodied the early papacy and is considered one of the four great church fathers?
Gregory I, “the great”
which ruler caused the “Carolingain Renaissance”?
Charlemagne
what was the best military technology of the age?
knights
T/F: a serf had fewer rights than a slave
false
what is one of the agricultural developments that improved agricultural production in medieval europe?
three field planting
According to the Benedictine Rule, should monks own private property?
no
what are the 7 reasons why we study history?
it’s His Story, it’s inspiring, sociology and psychology by example, totality of education, order to your world, repetition, you are playing a part in history
who was the father of history?
herodotus
what was considered as the two main camps of history?
sparta vs Athens (thucydides)
what is the socratic method?
teaching lessons by asking questions
who did socrates teach?
plato
who did plato teach?
aristotle
who did aristotle teach?
alexander the great
who was alexander the great’s father?
Philip II of Macedon
what are protestants?
non-catholic Christians
what was known as the religious revolution that fractured the unity of the church?
reformation
what is a bank?
premiere capitalist institutions
T/F: Socrates is a sophist
false
who was the father of romanticism?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
what was plato’s most famous work?
the republic
who was considered the first idealist?
Plato
who are the three types of people, according to Plato?
Philosopher kings ruled by reason (their head), military ruled by will (their chest), providers/workers ruled by appetite (their stomach)
what did CS lewis say, concerning Plato’s 3 types of people?
by the 20th century, we’d become all head “baconians” Francis Bacon) or all stomach “rousseauians” (jean-jacques rousseau)
who was the father of the scientific method?
Francis Bacon (all head full faith in science)
what was plato most interested in?
justice
what was socrates most interested in?
virtue
who was plato’s most famous student?
Aristotle
what was aristotle most interested in?
happiness (happiness comes from what you ought to be doing, not just what you want to do)
who created the academy?
plato
who created the Lyceum?
Aristotle
according to aristotle, what are the 4 causes in nature?
material cause (what it’s made of), efficient cause (what it took to make this), formal cause (what is the form), final cause (what is its ultimate purpose for existing)
what does aristotle mean by the “golden mean”?
the correct thing to do is found in the middle of 2 extremes
who was known as the greatest general in history?
Alexander the Great
what two people were the centerpiece of Plutarch’s “Lives of the Famous Greeks and Romans”?
Alexander the great and Julius Caesa
when was the Roman Republic founded?
509 BC
when did Romulus found the Roman state?
753 BC
what does the ideal Roman look like?
a man of family, mind, and action
what are the 3 key lessons against romans for others?
Laborum (against the “strange empty dream of idleness”)
Pietas (Humility before gods, love of country, embrace of duty)
Fatum (Roman duty to resist barbarism, maintain cause of justice and order)
what do you call the oldest male member of the familia who had life-and-death power over the familia
pater familias
what do you call the totality of persons living together in one or more associated dwellings?
the familia
what are the years of CIncinnatus?
519-430 BC
who wrote the first history of Rome in Latin?
Cato the Elder (234-149 BC)
who resisted Julius Caesar to the point of suicide?
Cato the Younger (95-46 BC)
who was known as the orator?
Cicero (106-43 BC)
who wrote the Aeneid?
Virgil (70-19 BC)
what greek became a roman citizen?
Plutarch (46-120 AD)
who was one of the greatest generals of all time who attacked from the alps on an army of war elephants?
Hannibal
what battle was hannibal defeated, ending the 2nd punic war?
battle of zama
who was one of the greatest roman generals of all time that defeated hannibal?
Scipio
who crossed the rubicon with his army to seize control from Pompey?
Julius Caeser
who assassinated Julius Caesar?
Brutus and Cassius
when was Julius Caesar assassinated?
Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC
who was considered the first emperor of Rome?
Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
what was caesar augustus named?
Imperator (invincible, all conquering general) Caesar Divi Filius (son of God) Augustus (the Blessed one)
when was Marc Antony defeated?
at the battle of actium in 31 BC
