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Western Civ > Western Civ midterm > Flashcards

Western Civ midterm Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Societies

A

Hunting and Gathering

Horticultural

Pastoral

Agricultural

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2
Q

The worship of more than one god

A

Polytheism

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3
Q

Construction and maintenance of canals

A

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government

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4
Q

List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

A

1.Prisoners of war

  1. Voluntarily sell themselves (escape starvation/satisfy debt)
  2. Born a slave
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5
Q

Sargon the Great

A

Creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

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6
Q

Silt

A

Produced/left these deposits that Enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

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7
Q

Compare and contrast Sumerian and Egyptian religions

A

Sumerians:

  1. Build ziggurats to pacify gods (avoiding divine punishment)
  2. Unpredictable power of the gods (behaved like overgrown children) unleashing devastating floods and war for no reason

Compare:

  1. Polytheistic
  2. Life is centered around religion

Egyptians:

  1. Build pyramids to worship god-kings after they died
  2. Egyptian gods were far more benevolent and helpful to humans (helpful divinity in human form)
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8
Q

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

A

The 10 Commandments

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9
Q

Iliad and The Odyssey

A

Greece’s most famous author, Homer, who wrote the epic poems

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10
Q

Most important Oracle in Greece

A

Oracle of Delphi

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11
Q

Helots

A

Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

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12
Q

Hellenic League

A

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition to resist the Persian Invasion

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13
Q

Ancient Greek teaching style

A

Socratic Method

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14
Q

Amnesty

A

The new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge), threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known _______ in Western history

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15
Q

Plato rulers

A

Philosopher Kings

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16
Q

3 Military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia

A
  1. Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army

2.He nearly doubled the length of the spears in the Greek phalanx

  1. Used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy
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17
Q

Alexander’s tutor

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

What a ruler who holds absolute powers

A

Despots

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19
Q

The most famous and enduring government body of the ancient world

A

Senate

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20
Q

Virtue

A

The highest value which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war

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21
Q

The Patron-Client system

A

A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

22
Q

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation

A

Tribunes

23
Q

2 Most significant Rome inventions

A

Concrete

The Roman Arch

24
Q

What were the 2 sources of Augustus’s true power?

A

-Controlled the state’s treasury

-Loyalty of the Army

25
Q

Goal of the Principate

A

Was the stability and order, not political freedom

26
Q

Cornerstone of Christian faith

A

Resurrection of Jesus

27
Q

Biggest argument of the early church

A

The Trinity

28
Q

Constantine the Great

A

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire

29
Q

Nicene Creed

A

A declaration and summary of the Christian faith

30
Q

Constantinople

A

Constantine establishes his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324

31
Q

Justinian I

A

Attempted to reunite the Eastern empire for 20 years

32
Q

Massive tribal confederation

A

Huns

33
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Submission to God

34
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy scripture of Islam

35
Q

2 Divisions of Islam

A

Sunni & Shiites

36
Q

Most powerful men in Merovingian society

A

Catholic Bishops

37
Q

What was Charles Martel called

A

Charles the Hammer

38
Q

What was Charles Martel’s military brilliance?

A

His ability to pick the time and place of his battles

39
Q

Coveted title in Western Europe

A

“Defender of the Faith”

40
Q

Greatest king of the Middle Ages

A

Charlemagne

41
Q

Significance of Battle of Tours

A

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

42
Q

What was the period (725-870) in the byzantine empire where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture called?

A

Iconoclasm

43
Q

Why did the Abbasid’s move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad?

A

For its prosperous location near trade routes

44
Q

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning

A

Madrasa

45
Q

just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, what will throw them back into it?

A

The Viking invasions

46
Q

2 Causes for Feudalism

A

-Collapse of the Carolingian Empire

-Attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

47
Q

A vassal

A

The individual who receives land from the great landholders

48
Q

Who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times?

A

The Italians

49
Q

Investiture Conflict

A

was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe

50
Q

God Wills It!

A

This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the Crusades

51
Q

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

A

The knights templar

52
Q

List the 3 significances of the Battle of Hastings

A
  1. England Political Shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe
  2. The Domesday book
  3. The birth of the modern English Language

Western Civ (1 decks)

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