Western Civ midterm

Question 1

4 Types of Societies

Answer 1

Hunting and Gathering

Horticultural

Pastoral

Agricultural

Question 2

The worship of more than one god

Answer 2

Polytheism

Question 3

Construction and maintenance of canals

Answer 3

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government

Question 4

List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

Answer 4

1.Prisoners of war

2. Voluntarily sell themselves (escape starvation/satisfy debt)
3. Born a slave

Question 5

Sargon the Great

Answer 5

Creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

Question 6

Silt

Answer 6

Produced/left these deposits that Enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

Question 7

Compare and contrast Sumerian and Egyptian religions

Answer 7

Sumerians:

1. Build ziggurats to pacify gods (avoiding divine punishment)
2. Unpredictable power of the gods (behaved like overgrown children) unleashing devastating floods and war for no reason

Compare:

1. Polytheistic
2. Life is centered around religion

Egyptians:

1. Build pyramids to worship god-kings after they died
2. Egyptian gods were far more benevolent and helpful to humans (helpful divinity in human form)

Question 8

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

Answer 8

The 10 Commandments

Question 9

Iliad and The Odyssey

Answer 9

Greece’s most famous author, Homer, who wrote the epic poems

Question 10

Most important Oracle in Greece

Answer 10

Oracle of Delphi

Question 11

Helots

Answer 11

Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

Question 12

Hellenic League

Answer 12

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition to resist the Persian Invasion

Question 13

Ancient Greek teaching style

Answer 13

Socratic Method

Question 14

Amnesty

Answer 14

The new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge), threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known _______ in Western history

Question 15

Plato rulers

Answer 15

Philosopher Kings

Question 16

3 Military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia

Answer 16

1. Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army

2.He nearly doubled the length of the spears in the Greek phalanx

3. Used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 17

Alexander’s tutor

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

What a ruler who holds absolute powers

Answer 18

Despots

Question 19

The most famous and enduring government body of the ancient world

Answer 19

Senate

Question 20

Virtue

Answer 20

The highest value which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war

Question 21

The Patron-Client system

Answer 21

A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

Question 22

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation

Answer 22

Tribunes

Question 23

2 Most significant Rome inventions

Answer 23

Concrete

The Roman Arch

Question 24

What were the 2 sources of Augustus’s true power?

Answer 24

-Controlled the state’s treasury

-Loyalty of the Army

Question 25

Goal of the Principate

Answer 25

Was the stability and order, not political freedom

Question 26

Cornerstone of Christian faith

Answer 26

Resurrection of Jesus

Question 27

Biggest argument of the early church

Answer 27

The Trinity

Question 28

Constantine the Great

Answer 28

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire

Question 29

Nicene Creed

Answer 29

A declaration and summary of the Christian faith

Question 30

Constantinople

Answer 30

Constantine establishes his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324

Question 31

Justinian I

Answer 31

Attempted to reunite the Eastern empire for 20 years

Question 32

Massive tribal confederation

Answer 32

Huns

Question 33

What does Islam mean?

Answer 33

Submission to God

Question 34

Qur'an

Answer 34

Holy scripture of Islam

Question 35

2 Divisions of Islam

Answer 35

Sunni & Shiites

Question 36

Most powerful men in Merovingian society

Answer 36

Catholic Bishops

Question 37

What was Charles Martel called

Answer 37

Charles the Hammer

Question 38

What was Charles Martel's military brilliance?

Answer 38

His ability to pick the time and place of his battles

Question 39

Coveted title in Western Europe

Answer 39

"Defender of the Faith"

Question 40

Greatest king of the Middle Ages

Answer 40

Charlemagne

Question 41

Significance of Battle of Tours

Answer 41

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

Question 42

What was the period (725-870) in the byzantine empire where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture called?

Answer 42

Iconoclasm

Question 43

Why did the Abbasid's move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad?

Answer 43

For its prosperous location near trade routes

Question 44

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning

Answer 44

Madrasa

Question 45

just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, what will throw them back into it?

Answer 45

The Viking invasions

Question 46

2 Causes for Feudalism

Answer 46

-Collapse of the Carolingian Empire -Attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

Question 47

A vassal

Answer 47

The individual who receives land from the great landholders

Question 48

Who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times?

Answer 48

The Italians

Question 49

Investiture Conflict

Answer 49

was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe

Question 50

God Wills It!

Answer 50

This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the Crusades

Question 51

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

Answer 51

The knights templar

Question 52

List the 3 significances of the Battle of Hastings

Answer 52

1. England Political Shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe 2. The Domesday book 3. The birth of the modern English Language