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Western Civ. > Western Civ. Final > Flashcards

Western Civ. Final Flashcards

1
Q

Dr. David Livingston

A 
1860's-1870's
"living saint" 
had mission in Tanzania 
Presbyterian
spent time didn't come home 1870m
found alive headlines read "HE LIVES!"
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2
Q

Khedive

A 
1869
Ruler of Egypt 
subject of turkish empire 
lets french build Suez canal 
gambled and lost lots of money, eventually loses control of canal to British and French
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3
Q

Arabi

A

1881
lead nationalist revolt against khedive
wins revolt, khedive abdicates to son who is puppet of British
allows British and French to take over Egypt

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4
Q

Boers

A

mid 17th century
dutch farmers settle in Cape town
leave to go into interior of Africa because British seize Cape Town
Allows British to discover gold and diamonds in Cape Town

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5
Q

Cecil Rhodes

A

late 19th century
travelled to Africa for health reasons (TB)
had monopoly on diamond production
richest man in the world
wanted to build railroad from Cape Town to Cairo
basically starts Boer war

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6
Q

3 Emperor’s League

A 
1873
Germany, Austria, and Russia 
Bismarck wants to make alliance with Austria and Germany to defend against France 
doesn't work 
then tries Dual alliance
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7
Q

Dual Alliance

A

1879
One alliance between Germany and Austria and one alliance between Germany and Russia
pressure is put on Russia to agree
alliance works

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8
Q

Triple Alliance

A 
1882
Added Italy to Dual Alliance 
in order to piss French off 
France now isolated and poses no threat to Germany 
allows Bismarck to protect his creation
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9
Q

Kaiser

A

late 1800’s early 1900’s
Ruler of Germany
William 2nd
29 years old, inexperienced
wants to ally with England say he will annoy them into and alliance
fires Bismarck
wont sign Reinsurance Treaty with Russia
Russia goes and allies with french, Bismarck’s plan falls apart

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10
Q

Double Entente

A

1894
Alliance between France and Russia
British also join within decade
Germany will have to fight a two front war

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11
Q

Triple Entente

A

1907
France, Russia, and Britain
Europe now in 2 sides triple alliance and triple entente
being to plan for world war 1

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12
Q

Schlieffen

A 
Early 20th century 
head of German war plans 
has to fight war on 2 fronts 
fights two one front wars 
France is main priority 
has to defeat French to win the war
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13
Q

Disinterested

A

early 20th century
term that means have no dog in the fight
British interferes in 1st Balkin war between Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro
fight over boundaries

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14
Q

Sarajevo

A

1914
capital of Bosnia
place of assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Isabella
Assassins are Serbian
Austria invades Serbia who is allied with Russia
World War 1 breaks out

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15
Q

Marne

A

1910’s
Germans fail to get into Paris at this location
both sides dig trenches
beginning of trench warfare

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16
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1919
Treaty of WW1 between Entente powers and Germany
Germany has to sign and pay $32 bil., lost all colonies, army, navy, airforce, war guild clause (All Germany’s Fault)
league of nations formed after

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17
Q

Clemenceau

A 
1919 
at treaty of versailles 
host, french politician 
wanted revenge against germany 
wants them to pay $133 bil. 
argues with Wilson
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18
Q

David Lloyd George

A 
1919
at treaty of versailles 
prime minister of England 
promised to punish Germany hard 
on Clemenceau's side against Wilson 
he is swing vote
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19
Q

Wilson

A

1919
at treaty of versailles
President of USA
wants league of nations
wants Germany not to be punished harshly
opposite from Clemenceau
doesn’t get league of nations approved by US senate, still formed without US
manages to get Germany’s sentence reduced

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20
Q

Orland

A

1919
at treaty of versailles
Italian Prime minister
Italian people think he is humiliated

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21
Q

Tsar

A

early 1800’s
ruler of Russia
Alexander 1 (1801-1825)
rules unrestrained, no parliament, autocrat

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22
Q

The Decemberist Revolt

A

1825
Russian military officers calling for constitution in Russia
against Nicholas 1
Nicholas 1 puts Decemberists in jail
cracks down on travel, freedom of speech, and free press

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23
Q

War in Crimea

A

1854-1857
cause is who gets to control sites in Holy Land
Sites had been controlled by Turkey
Russia wanted rights exclusively Nicholas 1
France and Britain ally with Turkey
British and French win

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24
Q

Witte

A 
late 1800's early 1900's 
finance minister of Russia 
creates planned economy with Tsar 
same industrial practices as England/horrible conditions 
workers blame Tsar Nicholas 2 and revolt
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25
Q

Social Revolutionary Party

A 
1901 
Russian political party
SR's 
opposed to industrial revolution 
against Tsar Nicholas 2 
Opposed to Western world
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26
Q

Constitutional Democrats

A

1903
Russian political party
cadets
middle class party making money off of industrial rev.
want constitution, limited monarchy, and parliament
Want to be like Western world
Nicholas 2 doesn’t like them b/c constitution

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27
Q

Russian Social Democratic Party

A 
1898
Russian political party 
leader was Gregory Pielchanov 
Communist party
Where power rested in Russia 
11 mil. members 
most powerful is General Secretary
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28
Q

Gregory Pielchanov

A 
late 1800's
Marxist leader of the Russian Social Democratic Party
was thrown out of country 
contacted Marx and asked for advice 
helped by Lenin
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29
Q

Lenin

A

1870-1924
Helps Pielchanov
son of Bureaucrat, lived in exile in Switzerland for a while
publish “What is to be Done?”
gives answer to Russia and form small political party
says not to give into appeasement
peace, bread, land
encourages troops to leave WW1
Seizes power in Russia at St. Petersburg
Sign peace treaty with Germany
Revolution against him in Russia, manages to keep power, but has to decide who to succeed him, Stalin or Trotsky

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30
Q

Duma

A

early 1900’s
provisional government
promised parliament from Tsar Alexander 3
buys Tsar supporters and time
people still oppose Tsar food shortages lead to revolt of cadets
Epic fail, Tsar ends up abdicating thrown

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31
Q

Russian Soviets

A 
1917
a strike committee formed in Russia 
workers and soldiers council 
takes over St. Petersburg
make Tsar Alexander 3 abdicate 
Russia became de-facto republic
pyramid system, villages, territories, regions, supreme
32
Q

Trotsky

A 
early to mid 1900's 
Lenin's right hand man 
Captured St. Petersburg for Lenin 
in charge of Red Army 
struggle between him and Stalin for power after Lenin 
Stalin wins
33
Q

Russian Secret Police

A

early to mid 1900’s
KGB
internal and external affairs worked for communist party
arrested counter revolutionaries

34
Q

Russian Military

A

early to mid 1900’s
Had power in Russia
initially was army
controlled by communist party

35
Q

Stalin

A

1879-1953
born poor, real name is Dzugazhvili, inarticulate but good at desk work
becomes leader in 1930’s
wants command economy and workers paradise, collective farms, destruction of capitalism
Party purges, totalitarian state

36
Q

Totalitarian

A

20th century word
two aspects: politics/culture and economy
Stalin used this, everything had to be communist party and communism, so did Mussolini, and Hitler
Party purges occur as result of this
no true freedoms, groups, private enterprise, etc.

37
Q

Mussolini

A

1883-1945
lower middle class, editor of Avanti (leading socialist newspaper)
in favor or going to world war 1 with British and French
expelled from socialist party b/c pro war
said it was Rome’s fault Italy was humiliated at treaty of Versailles
Became prime minister, est. dictatorship, spent lots on infrastructure

38
Q

Enforced savings (Italy)

A

early 1900’s
happens because of wartime economy
people forced to save money because of lack of consumer goods during war
after war people want to spend their money
rush of inflation and wages unequal to inflation, causes conflict

39
Q

Fascio

A 
early 1900's 
action groups formed by Mussolini 
means bundle of sticks in Italian 
stronger together than apart 
appeals to soldiers 
allows Mussolini to come into power
40
Q

Weimar Republic

A

1919
constitution proclaimed in Germany
2 house legislature, universal suffrage, civil liberties
started by Kaiser but full of people not loyal to him
Versailles Treaty blamed on them

41
Q

Ebert

A

early 1900’s
1st Chancellor of Germany
sign treaty of Versailles
not blamed on him by people but blamed on Weimar Republic

42
Q

Lunger

A

early 1900’s
head of Christian Social Party in Germany
anti-semite
influenced Hitler greatly

43
Q

Hitler

A

1889-1945
served in war, started beer Hall Putch
Anti-semite, people liked this
eventually asked to be Chancellor of Germany
Enabling act lets him do whatever he wants
euthanasia and Sterilization of people with disabilities and the Jews
Invades Czech Republic, Sudetenland, and Rhineland starting WW2
commits suicide in 1945, Germany falls

44
Q

The Enabling Act

A

1933
Hitler asks for this
gives chancellor unlimited power for 4 years to do what is necessary against a national revolution
totalitarian government eventually
Nazi is only legal party (totalitarianism)

45
Q

Rudolf Hess

A

1933-1945
taught national socialism is applied biology
figure in Nazi Regime before Hitler
One people, one state, one ruler
wanted to exterminate non-Arians and get Germans back in Germany

46
Q

Racial Hygiene

A 
mid 1900's 
cleanse Arian race of bad elements 
wanted active agents in medical profession 
sterilization and euthanasia 
judged to be "life unworthy"
47
Q

Sydney Fay

A

mid 1900’s
American who taught at Ohio State
wrote books on origins of 1st world war
argued treaty of Versailles too harsh on Germany
said every country that participated was responsible

48
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

1937
new prime minister of England
negotiates with Hitler for settlement in Munich
lets Germany have the Sudetenland
thinks peace has been reached with Germany

49
Q

Churchill

A 
mid 1900's
becomes Prime minister after Chamberlain 
strong critic of appeasement policy 
organizes Britain for war 
DTF (down to fight)
50
Q

El Alamen

A

mid 1900’s
Germans invade Africa/ Egypt, trying to get to Middle East for oil
they are stopped by Egyptian army and have to retreat
really a turning point for Germany, begin loosing war

51
Q

Molotov

A 
1946
gave speech in Russia denouncing West as enemies 
Western response given by churchill 
Iron Curtain started 
Molotov cocktail
52
Q

Denazification

A 
1945
Nazi's removed from office after war 
some put on trial 
French and British consider all involved Nazis 
Soviets and US a little more lenient
53
Q

Demilitarization

A

1945
want no Germans with weapons after the war
all institutions of German Army eliminated

54
Q

Dismantling

A 
1945 
war industries removed in Germany 
not much to be demolished 
what was considered military industry? 
Ex: could they still have automobile manufacturers?
55
Q

Re-education

A

1945
happens after war
Britain, France, US, and Soviets trying to get people of Germany out of Nazi ideology
effort to re-unify Germany

56
Q

Federal Republic of Germany

A 
mid 1900's
West Germany France, Britain, and US
Bonn is capital 
lead by Adenhanen and then Brandt 
was rebuilt faster because of help from US
57
Q

German Democratic Republic

A 
1945
East German, Soviets 
Capital is Berlin 
lead by Ulbricht 
was rebuilt much slower than West Germany
tried to kinda copy West Germany
58
Q

Adenhanen

A 
1948
Right wing 
1st Chancellor of West German 
during war huge opponent of Nazis
was arrested and put in Nazi jail
59
Q

Brandt

A 
1969
Left wing 
3rd Chancellor of West Germany 
leader of Anti-Nazi underground in war 
blew up bridges and factories of Nazi's 
Hitler's most wanted man
60
Q

Ulbricht

A

mid 1900’s
1st chancellor of Eastern Germany
communist
no association with Nazis during war

61
Q

de Gaulle

A

mid 1900’s
President of France’s 4th republic
in war he spent time in England and only went back for the battle of Normandy
completely withdrawn form Nazis so chosen as leader of France

62
Q

European Recovery Program

A

1947
Lead by secretary of state General Marshall
also known as Marshall plan
US sends money $17 bil. to Western European countries
helps their economies
they end up spending money in US or Canada
Co-operation of industry not competition

63
Q

General Marshall

A

mid 1900’s
secretary of state, came up with Marshall Plan
helps Western Europe recover with US money
main goal is for Europeans to use aid wisely
co-operation in industry rather than competition
successfully helps Europe
copied by Eastern Europe with Council of Economic Assistance (end up failing)

64
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

1949
includes France, Britain, US, Canada, Italy, and Belgium
alliance between all of them
any attack on a country in NATO is an attack on all
Guarantees American support in Europe
makes it where Western European countries will no longer go to war
East’s version is Warsaw Pact

65
Q

European Economic Community (EEC)

A

1955ish
Signed in Rome, know as common market, EU
get Western European countries to trade as a single market
universal weights/measures, metric system
Euro currency created and adopted by some countries in EU
problem is there is universal currency but no universal economic policy

66
Q

Khruschev

A

1894-1973
General secretary of Russia after Stalin
Stalin’s protege
Puts down people’s demonstrations about dislike for lack of rebuilding of East Germany
Sends troops to kill protestors in Hungary, Czech Republic, and East Germany
looks bad on TV
Puts missiles in Cuba, Cuban Missile Crisis
falls from power after CMC

67
Q

Imre Nagy

A

1956
Stalin’s general secretary in Hungary
wanted to dismantle collective agriculture, wanted multiple political parties, and wanted Russian troops to go home
Khruschev sends tanks to kill protestors
1st crisis put on national television

68
Q

Brezhnev and Kosygin

A

mid to late 1900’s
replaced Khruschev
Brezhnev is most important figure

69
Q

Dubeck

A 
mid to late 1900's 
general secretary of Czech Republic 
tries to learn lesson from Nagy 
wants to end collective agriculture, wants free expression,, allow other political parties 
again Khruschev sends in troops
70
Q

SALT 1 and 2

A 
1972 and 1980 
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 
Between America and Russia 
1st with Nixon 2nd with Carter 
Saves Russia money on weapons allowing them to rebuild their economy
71
Q

Wojtyla

A

1978
Pope John Paul 2
Polish man
behind Iron Curtain but anti-communist
urges Polish to fight against communism and remain faithful to Catholic church
leads to formation of Solidarity party in Poland

72
Q

Solidarity Party

A 
1980
leader is Walesa 
illegal, but everyone in Poland joins 
is eventually repressed by Polish gov. 
comes back in 1987 and not put down by Gorbachev 
new age of liberalism in Russia
73
Q

Gorbachev

A

1985 comes into power as General Secretary of Russia
doesn’t send troops in to stop revolution in Poland
wants West to help him with technology in Russia
wants modernization through openness and restructuring
tries cultural change before economic change
issues freedoms of speech, press, other political parties, etc.
ultimately fails

74
Q

Glasnust

A 
1985 
1st part of Gorbachev's plan 
"openness" 
allows free press, assembly, political parties, etc. 
Cultural part of modernization
75
Q

Perestroika

A

1985
2nd part of Gorbachev’s plan
“restructuring”
means dramatic rush of inflation in order to make Russian currency relevant
knows people of Russia will endure pain because of this
pain will be worth it for Russia’s economy
economic part of modernization

76
Q

Putin

A

late 1990’s to present
member of KGB that is eventually put in charge of Russia
Russian patriot who believes in Russian values
close to Russian Orthodox church
claims not communist but lets be honest…
basically opposite of Knruschev

Western Civ. (1 decks)

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