western civ final Flashcards
Copernicus
wrote book on revolution of heavenly spheres
Geocentric
having or representing the earth as the center,
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher, one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
Johannis Kepler
German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.
Absolutism
the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer,
Treaty of Utrecht
a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession
Capitalism
an economic system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Spice Trade
involved historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, nutmeg, star anise, clove and turmeric
Joint stock company
used by English merchants in the 17th century to pool capital and share the risks associated with trading voyages to Asia and Africa.
literacy during 1400’s
printed materials became more available
council of elders
a group consisting of the theocratic leaders of the Air Nomads.
parliamentary monarchy
the monarch exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.
political absolutism
practice of unlimited, centralized authority and absolute sovereignty
rise of academic society
royal Spanish academy of science wasn’t among them
Ferdinand magellan
was a Portuguese explorer and a subject of the Hispanic Monarchy
supply and demand
the amount of a product available and the desire of buyers for it
prince Henry the navigator
an originator of the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic enslaved people trade.
price revolution
15th century and the first half of the 17th century, and most specifically linked to the high rate of inflation that occurred during this period across Western Europe.
spanish armanda
spain conquered England catholics
Peter the great
introduced western ideas and customs
Louis the 14th
King of France 1643- 1715. Louis XIV’s France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe.
petition of right
an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state, reportedly of equal value to Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights 1689.
urbanization
the process of making an area more urban
toleration act of 1689
Act of the Parliament of England. Passed in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution
economy of 16th century Europe
characterized by increasing population, fixed food supplies
consumerism of 18th century
caused by increased wages of clergy
Hernán cortes
Spanish Conqueror who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire
baroque art
a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s.
Margret Cavendish
Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was an English philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction writer and playwright.
enlightenment
was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
treaty of tordesillas
June 1494, divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire
declaration of indulgence
was a pair of proclamations made by James II of England and VII of Scotland in 1687.
9 years war
between England, Spain, Sweden, Neverland and German
scientific revolution
measurable laws are expressible in mathematical terms
monarchy
lost interest in religions affairs
Issac newton
was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author, mathematician, physicists, and most influential scientists of all time.
Atlantic slave trade
involved the transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. 16th to the 19th centuries
Portuguese exploration
government sponsored voyages of a crusading spirit
mannerism
is a style in European art, 1520, spreading by about 1530-16th century in Italy,
mercantilism
an economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. It promotes monarchy, aristocracy, clericalism, militarism, imperialism, colonialism, tariffs and subsidies on traded goods to achieve that goal.
white craft
achieve salvation if the recanted
jansenists
promoted faith and combated prostantinism
French settlements in Canada
In 1604, French settlers established the colony of Acadia on the land surrounding the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Four years later, explorer Samuel de Champlain established the city of Québec farther inland. It became the largest city in the colony of Canada.
war of roses
were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century, fought between Lancaster and York.
neoclassical art
Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity.
francis bacon
English philosopher, statesman, Lord Chancellor of England.
Edmund burke
born in Dublin, was an Anglo-Irish statesman, economist, and philosopher.
industrial revolution
was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Britain, continental Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
war of Spanish succession
(1701–1714) European war, triggered by the death in November 1700 of the childless Charles II of Spain.
Philip 2nd of dutch republic
the revolt in the Low Countries against the rule of the Habsburg King Philip II of Spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces.
