Western Civ 1 Flashcards
New Stone Age
8,000-3,000 B.C. (This age is also known as the Neolithic age) Marked by the retreat of the Glaciers, domesticated animals ppl started settling down permanently in small villages, tools were refined.
Old Stone Age
15,000 B.C. (Also know as the Paleolithic age ) ppl were constantly traveling, they had fire,life was unsophisticated, tools were made of wood and stone, ppl nomadic.
The Bronze Age
3,000-1,000 1.) City's, 2.) Metal working, 3.) Irrigation, 4.Writing. The first age with tangible evidence of civilization, most tools made of bronze.
Irrigation
Was critical in protecting against famine and drought, this led to better crops.
The Fertile Crescent
Was the gathering place of these ancient civilizations for one reason water.
Writing
Writing was only used in an economic fashion.
The Fertile Crescent
Was the gathering place of these ancient civilizations, for one reason water.
Sumerian:
A region in the southern half of Mesopotamia. Made up of warring city states trying to conquer one another to control water rights. Invented the wheel.
Sumerians religion
They were polytheistic, believed the gods punishing them when crops were destroyed. Not optimistic about dying.
Sumerians famous pice of literature
Is the Epic Of Gilgamesh
Egypt started flourishing around ?
3,100 B.C. Because of a number of reasons, two of them being water and seclusiveness.
Ancient Egypt was ruled by
31 dynasties over it’s 3,000 year rule.
Egypt is categorized by 6 major periods.
- ) Early Dynamic period
- ) Old Kingdom
- ) The first intermediate period
- ) Middle Kingdom
- ) Second intermediate period
- ) New Kingdom
Egypt came to an end in
30 B.C. When Cleopatra was defeated by the Romans.
Cuneiform:
Egyptians and sumerians writing. Large pointy triangles.
Early Dynamic Period
3,100 - 2,700 B.C.
The Nile valley was unified.
The first pharaohs reigned during this time, they represented gods.
Old Kingdom
2,700 - 2,200 B.C.
Largest pyramids built in Giza.
Pharaohs went from representing gods, to gods themselves. Pharaohs had full control.
What is a Theocracy?
A type of government where the leader gets whatever he wants done.
First Intermediate Period
2,200 – 2050 BC
Pharaohs lost control.
Civil wars and famine.
Middle Kingdom in Egypt
2,050 - 1,700 B.C.
Under the 11th and 12th Dynasties centralized government under the Pharaohs was restored.
Hyksos attacked Egypt at the end of the period.
How are Hyksos identified?
By their horse-drawn chariots.
Second Intermediate Period
1,700 - 1,550 B.C.
Hyksos ruled Egypt.
Who drove out the Hyksos at the end of the Second Intermediate Period?
Ahmose
At the end of the Second Intermediate Period, Ahmose restored order and founded which dynasty?
The 18th Dynasty
New Kingdom in Egypt
1,550 - 1,100 B.C.
Pharaohs once again had power and reigned from the 18th into the 20th Dynasties.
Who stopped the Pharaohs expansion as they moved north at the end of the 20th Dynasty?
The Hittites.
The Amarna Period
Pharaoh Amenhotep IV briefly threw away polytheism for monotheism.
Define polytheism and monotheism.
Polytheism is the worship of many gods.
Monotheism is the worship of the one God.
Who did Amenhotep choose as the one true god?
Anton
The disc of the sun.
Who is Ra?
Sun god. Human body, head of a hawk.
Who is Anubis?
God of the dead. Human body head of a jackal.
Was the Sumerian view of the afterlife happy or gloomy?
Gloomy.
Explain the Egyptians view of the afterlife.
They would meet Osiris, who would examine their soul. If found moral and happy immortality would be granted.
My, my Akkadians! U’re Armor Kicks and Hits Minos!
Mycenaeans Akkadians Ur Amorites Kassites Hittites Minoans
The Mycenaeans
3,000 B.C.
What where the Mycenaeans fond of working with?
Bronze and marble
When did the Mycenaeans conquer Crete?
1,550 B.C.
What does the Iliad describe?
The Mycenaean invasion of Troy.
Akkadians
2,300 - 2,100 B.C.
Who was the Akkadians king?
Sargon
King Sargon unified and expanded the borders of …..
Mesopotamia
Third Dynasty of Ur
2,100 - 1,900 B.C.
Sumerians hated the Akkadians and revolted. They regained Mesopotamia and ruled for 100 years till 2,000 when they lost control. They lost their identity as a people group during this time.
Amorites
1,900 - 1,600 B.C.
Known as Old Babylon
The Amorites most notable king appeared on the scene in the 1700’s B.C, who was this?
Hammurabi
Explain the Code of Hammurabi.
Eye for an eye, tooth for tooth. A body of laws to live by.
Was the Code of Hammurabi good or bad?
Good, it brought structure and stability in Mesopotamia.
What is a stela?
A large flat, rounded stone which has writing on it.
What are Hierarchical structures?
A class system with the king at the top and slaves at the bottom.
List the Hierarchical Pyramid Structure under Hammurabi.
- the King
- Nobles and Warriors
- Freeman (common man)
- slaves
