Western Art Music Flashcards
What did Baroque come after?
The Renaissance (1400-1600)
What was the Baroque era followed by?
The Classical period (1750-1830)
Where did Baroque come from and spread to?
It was a movement that started in Italy but spread across Europe.
What is Baroque known for?
It’s complexity, drama, emotional exuberance, tension and grandeur.
What came before the Classical era?
The Baroque (1600-1750)
What was the classical era followed by?
The romantic era (1830-1900)
Where became the centre of music during the classical era?
Vienna
What are classical ideals based on?
Ancient Greek values of balance, order, restraint, symmetry, simplicity and beauty.
Who were musicians in the Classical era writing music for?
Wealthy patrons who employed them.
What came before the Romantic Era?
The classical era (1750-1830)
What followed the romantic era?
Modern/20th century period (1900-2000)
What did composers in the romantic era question?
Their role in society and the role of music in society.
What did Beethoven do in the Romantic era?
He was the first high profile composer to shake off patrons and comply write music he wanted to for the music’s sake with the belief that they would pay him to write what he wanted/felt needed to be written.
What were the Romantics fascinated by?
Mysticism/the supernatural, literature, poetry, questions of identity, and the natural world.
What came before the 20th century?
The romantic era (1830-1900)
What did composers do in the 20th century?
They were widely diverse and all went in different musical directions
What was the texture of Baroque?
Polyphonic textures were most popular (contrapuntal music)
What was the melody and harmony of baroque music?
Long melodic lines and very long phrases with cadences at the end of large sections.
Lots of dissonance.
What was the instrumentation of baroque?
Basso continuo
Organ
Violin family popular
What were forms in Baroque?
Early opera
Dance suite
Mass concerto grosso
Fugue
Sonata
Oratorio
Cantata
What was the texture of classical?
Homophonic and occasional polyphony
What was the melody and harmony of classical?
4 bar/ 8 bar phrases
Singable melodies
Dissonance always resolved
Basic chords
What was the instrumentation of classical?
Piano (just created-not in orchestra)
Orchestra becomes standard
What were the forms of classical?
Solo concerto
Symphony
Sonata
Opera
Chamber music
Theme and variations
What was the texture of romantic?
Same as classical:
(Homophonic, occasional polyphony)
What was the harmony and melody of romantic?
Emphasis on beautiful, expressive melody.
Richer harmonies.
Chromaticism.
What was the instrumentation of romantic?
Orchestra grows bigger
Pianos built stronger
Virtuoso soloists
Singing adapts for big orchestras.
What were the forms in romantic?
Concerto
Symphony
Chamber music
Opera
Sonata
Concert Etude
Rhapsody
Nocturne
What is the texture of 20th century?
Anything’s possible
What is the melody and harmony of 20th century?
Atonality
Dissonance
Melody based on math/ logic rather than beauty.
What is the instrumentation of 20th century?
World instruments
Sounds eg sirens
Noise-making
Percussion
Electronic sounds
What are forms in 20th century?
Everything and anything.
