West. Civ. Final Flashcards

Question

Angevin Empire

Answer 1

This is referred to as an Empire because it emcompasses all the land that Henry II owned because of inheritance and his wifes dowry. It's significant because it is own of the reasons for the 100 year war.

Answer 2

Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. It was successful but it did not succeed fully because they didn't capture Jerusalem.

Answer 3

In 1215, King John I's vassals came together in the Barons revolt becuase they were mad at him over taxes. This document demanded that he uphold reciprocal obligations, held him subject to the law, could not make new taxes without consent, and created due process. This is significant because they were assurting fuedal obligations from the kings.

Answer 4

In Spain, this was the reconquest of Muslim lands. It resulted in the recapturing of territories that were conquered by Muslims.

Answer 5

During his rule he created Bailiffs, which were a more mideval verson of the missi dominici. This important because it's influenced by Charlemagnes rule.

Answer 6

A french king who ruled from 1126- 1270. Known for the codification of law in france (writing it down). Created Parlement, which developed the French Supreme Court. This is significant because it connected the king to the law in France

Answer 7

A warrior kind of Germany elected into office. Most famous for the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 which he destroyed the Magyars in just one battle. Bringing on the Ottonian Renaissance.

Answer 8

Part of the Salian Dynasty in rule from 1039-1056. He used bishops and abbots as his administrators.

Answer 9

A king in Germany of the Salian dynasty from 1056 to 1106. Significant because this is the king that brought on the investitiure controversy because he was electing his own bishops.

Answer 10

A powerful german king who rulled from 1152-1190, who was elected by the germans who intended him to be a weak king. He wanted to control Burgundy, Swabia, and Italy. Fought wars with the italians. He's significant becuase he outlaws private warfare in germany which is a step towards unifying germany.

Answer 11

An english king who created the Great Council first used parlement because he was in a weakened position because the nobility were taking power away from him.

Answer 12

The man who led the Barons' Revolt, Whom helped lead the Battle of Lewes defeating Henry III. Significant because his actions lead to the creation of the Great Council. An it's the first time commons of England were given a voice.

Answer 13

A battle that occured in 1264 because of the Baron's revolt which was caused by the Barons' unhappiness about taxes. The Barons beat Henry. As a result the Great Council is created.

Answer 14

In 1295 Edward I created the official Parliament. It consisted of representatives from the nobility, counties, and towns. This is significant because this is where Parliament becomes an institution.

Answer 15

House of Lords included Immediate vassals, bishops, and powerful abbots basically the higher up nobilities. The House of Commons consisitd of 2 knights from every shire and 2 representatives from towns. Eventually Bishops and Abbots pulled out of the Hosue of Lords because they did not want to be involved in state while lesser moved to house of commons.

Answer 16

Created by the House of Commons this gave people who are elected the power to tax. This is significant because it gave the Houses power to control funds and taxes of England. A financial office of government.

Answer 17

The advisory council of the King in Spain. Made of of powerful fuedal lods closest to the king. This is significant because it's the legislature that is still used today.

Answer 18

A council created in Spain that consisted of towns people. The middle class participated in this. This council had input on whether the king could get money to fun battles.

Answer 19

During his rule he was at war with Edward of England. He used Nasty Tactics to get money for his war. Including Persecution of the Jews, declared the Kings Templar Heractics, and taxed the church. His rule is significant because the entire time he was trying to get money to fight England.

Answer 20

Knights that fought in the crusades and because of it became very wealthy. During the rule of Philip IV the Fair they were declared heratics so that he could obtain their wealth. Significant because their wealth funded the war with England in the 14th century.

Answer 21

When Philip IV began taxing the church in the 13-14th centuries he told them that they could not tax the papacy so he was arrrested. This caused a two front war for France causing Philip IV to be even more desperate for money.

Answer 22

First meeting in 1302 under the rule of Philip IV because he neeeded them for propaganda purposesso he could justify his unruly methods to obtaining the funds for the war against King Edward I of England. He sent these people out o various provinces to explain his charges against Boniface and gain support.

Answer 23

Gave away imperial rights.

Answer 24

This marks a period of time in Germany were their was no king because nobles and the papacy were fighing. This is significant because it caused government to move to a local level because their was no leadership meeting the needs of people.

Answer 25

A political office in Germany created to control the electing of emperors. It brought it down to less people voting then previous methods. It consisted of 7 imperial electors, 3 clergy and 4 noblement. This is significant because it eliminated the power of the papacy in the election of German King.

Answer 26

The first battle during the 100 years war between England and France. This was a naval battle, that England won. As a result the Frenches navy was completely destroyed. This is significant because after this point all battles were fought on French soil.

Answer 27

A battle during the 100 yrs War between England and France, on french soil. The English won this battle, as a result they seized a port which gave them an advantage in the war because they now had somewhere to remain.

Answer 28

A battle during the 100 years war between England and France. As a result of this battle the English capture John II an they agreed to the Peace of Bretigny and ended English Vassalage, and held him for ranson. This battle is important because it's considered the greatest English victory.

Answer 29

A period in the 14th century when the population had exceeded the food supply and as a result their was a famine that lasted two years. This is significant because it explains why the population saw such a blow from the plague because people weren't healthy enough.

Answer 30

These were groups of religious people that believe the plague was punishment from God. So they punished themselves by traveling city to city whipping themselves in public as self sacrifice. They were not helping the problem though they were actually spreading the plague even more. Eventually the church outlawed it completely. This is significant becuase it shows the desperate measures people were taking to try and cure the plague.

Answer 31

As a result of the plague their were social and economic changes occuring and the peasants were moving around and changing occupations. As a result the nobility were trying to hold on to their way of life, so they created the Satute of Labores which set low wages and restricted the peasants to the land. As a result they revolted. This is sign. b/c manorialism is ending.

Answer 32

As a result of the plague their were social and economic changes occuring and the peasants were moving around and changing occupations. As a result the nobility were trying to hold on to their way of life, so they created the Satute of Labores which set low wages and restricted the peasants to the land. As a result they revolted. This is sign. b/c manorialism is ending.

Answer 33

After the battle of Poiters when England captured John II from France they agreed to the Peace of Bretigny in 1360. This ended Englands vassalage to France. This is significant becaue it gives England it's sovereignty.

Answer 34

King Henry V of England invaded France and achieved a great victory at the battle of Agincourt in 1415, it ended in the complete reversal and the ousting of the English ffrom the continent for good. Significant because even though England won they ironically lost.

Answer 35

The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the throne of France upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was signed in the French city of Troyes on 21 May 1420 in the aftermath of the Battle of Agincourt. It forms a part of the backdrop of the latter phase of the Hundred Years' War, in which various English Kings tried to establish their claims to the French throne.

Answer 36

A woman who declared God had called her to get Orleans. She saved the city at the Siege of Orleans. Obtaining a french victory which made Charles able to recieve his crown. She was captured later by the burgundians and where she was tried as a witch, she was burned at the stake. She's significant she helped reinvigorate the french army.

Answer 37

A battle of the 100's years war which was led by Joan of Arc, which the french won. and saved the city. This battle is significant because it reinvigorated the French army.

Answer 38

Emerged as a result of the 100's Years War. Createing the Nation-State, which English recognized themselves as English, they no longer clasified themselves by region.

Answer 39

This was a decree from the papacy that said kingdoms could not tax the papacy. As a result the king of France started nasty rumors of the pope trying to get him out of office. This is important because this is what sets the stone rolling for the Great Schism.

Answer 40

This is a decree by the papacy saying that all authorities must submit to the pope, angering the French even further. This is significant because it is the most supreme statement the papacy has ever made.

Answer 41

A french pop who moved the papacy to French territory in Avignon in 1309. He is important becasue he starts the Avignon papacy.

Answer 42

Began in 1309 by Pope Clement V a french pope. Moving the papacy to French terrritory in Avignon which starts the Avignon papacy. The papacy remains here for about 60 years. Then when it moves back to Rome, it's ultimately the reason for the Great Schism.

Answer 43

After the death of Pope Gregory, Romes wanted a pope that was Italian and wanted to end the French succession. As a result Urban VI was elected, resulting in the end to the French's succession of popes.

Answer 44

When the papacy moved back to Rome and they elected a Italian pope the French cardinals abandoned Rome and elected a new pope in Avignon. As a result Europe was split b/w the two Rome vs. Avignon. This is important because people began second guessing the supremacy of the papacy.

Answer 45

14the century Heresies. Each stressed a person relationship with God, having an individual conscience. Denounced hierarchy of the church, denied transubstantiation. Caused the bible to be translated into vernacular. These two are important because they laid the foundation for Protestantism.

Answer 46

A council met at Pisa in 1409 in hopes to end the Great Schism. They elected a new pope but the other popes refused to submit so as a result their were 3 popes.

Answer 47

This council met to try once again to end the Great Schism. They changed the way popes were elected by having 1 vote per nation. This ends the schism and starts the conciliar movement. This council is important because its considered the greatest gathering of the middle ages.

Answer 48

In 1439 the conciliar movement held council to tranform the papacy monarchy by decreasing their power. As a result though they ened up electing another pope and causing another schism. This is important becasue they move to dissolve conciliar movement ending it.

Answer 49

In 1517 Martin Luther nailed his 95 thesises, stating things that were wrong in the church, to the door of the church in Wittenberg Germany. Begining the protestant reformation in the west.

Answer 50

The man who is credited for begining the protestant reformation because he nailed a list of the things wrong with the church to his churchs door in wittenberg, Germany. He is important because his actions begin the Protestant Reformation.

Answer 51

The prince of Portugal who is credited for their success. He patronized anything to do with trade, this includes sailors. He is significant because his patronage brought great wealth to Portugal.

Answer 52

A early explorer who sailed to the Cape of God Hope in Africa in hopes to real India.

Answer 53

A sailor who saild for Spain in aims to conquest and colonize. He was very good at sailing and well versed. He is significant for sailing the ocean Atlantic in 1492 and staking claim on Cuba.

Answer 54

A Portugesse sailor who sailed to Calicut in 1497. This is significant because he is a sailor who helped give Portugal their reputation in sailing.

Answer 55

This is the city where the Renaissance began.

Answer 56

A Philosophical and Education Program whom the Humanists learned by.

Answer 57

The Renaissance movement of strong intellects and artists. They believe to be a well educated person you have to study everything and you should want to.

Answer 58

Renaissance humanist author who wrote Letters to the Ancient Dead and Africa two writings that show connections to ancient literature. Africa was a modeling of what this period was like which is a invaluable historical info. He's most significant for reering to the medeval ages as the darkages and he is considered the father of humanism

Answer 59

A humanist during the Renaissance, he wrote teh Decameron which consisted of 100 stories. Some of these stories consist of stories about the black death. This makes him important because he is considered one of the best sources for the black death. He survived it.

Answer 60

A Renaissance humanist who helped reformed educaiton. He believe that wisdom should be eloquently spoken. He wrote the Book of Courtiers that said you should want to know everything.

Answer 61

Woman humanist author who wrote The Treasure of the City of Ladies. A chronological organized of great women of history all the way back to greece. She is famous for saying women have the mind to be just as educated as men.

Answer 62

Be infomred and involved in your society. They promoted civic service and individual virtue. Incouraged people to make educated informed decisions.

Answer 63

A renaissance man who practiced deep scholarship and practical politics. He argued that there was two sides of humanism.