West Africa Final

Question 1

Liberty Villages

Answer 1

Part of the French system, first established along Senegal River. Established around French military posts. Refugees or self-emancipated slaves could come and establish themselves by working in the French forts or being conscripted into the French army. Women did domestic work or married w/ colonials. Represent sources of non-wage labor for the colonial conquest.

Question 2

Mourides

Answer 2

Sufi W. African religious movement, founded around Amadou Bamba in the peanut basin of Senegal at the turn of the century. Attracted refugees and self-emancipated slaves that were recent converts to Islam. They submit themselves to Bamba’s authority and accept the ideology that economic success coincides with effective religious practice.

Question 3

Basel Mission

Answer 3

German Christian mission active from the late 1800s in Gold Coast and Nigeria. Gain mostly female followers and have trouble getting followers from the upper echelons of society.

Question 4

Wasulu

Answer 4

Region of Southern Mali that rebelled against Samory Ture. After the colonial conquest its people who were displaced as slaves rebelled against their masters and returned to recultivate a Wasulu destroyed by Ture.

Question 5

Tirailleurs Sénégalais

Answer 5

Senegalese men conscripted to fight for France in WWI.

Question 6

Blaise Diagne

Answer 6

First African elected to the French CHamber of Deputies, representing Senegal. Convinced the French parliament to grant citizenship to people of the Four Communes. This represents an attempt to reform colonialism from within.

Question 7

Ahmadu Bamba

Answer 7

Sufi leader of Senegal. The French feared his power as he gained many prominent followers, and sent him into exile.

Question 8

Volta-Bani region

Answer 8

A region of West Africa spanning the area between the Volta and Bani rivers that went into revolt against French colonialism due to French conscription of W. Africans for WWI.

Question 9

Félix Eboué

Answer 9

Governor of Chad during WWII. Declares Chad’s alliance w/ Free France. Moves into Equitorial Africa to also claim it for Free France. de Gaulle relies on this territory to stake his claim as the leader of Free France.

Question 10

Charles de Gaulle

Answer 10

Leader of Free France, the government in exile during the Nazi occupation of WWII. Later founded and served as president of the 5th French Republic.

Question 11

Brazzaville

Answer 11

French meeting in Congo to discuss new imperial framework. Believe they will still control colonies after the war but try to foster a movement of Africans to “manage their own affairs.” Essentially, greater local participation but still under French control.

Question 12

Thiaroye

Answer 12

A mutiny of French West African soldiers over pay for their service which resulted in a massacre of the mutineers. Led to further anti-colonial sentiment.

Question 13

Leopold Sedar Senghor

Answer 13

President of Senegal from 1960-1980. Served in French army and was a POW. Famous for his poetry and intellectualism.

Question 14

Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Answer 14

A representative during writing of Fourth Republic French constitution. Secures abolition of forced labor and “indigenant”–the code of punishments. Goes on to be 1st pres. of Ivory Coast and to lead the RDA.

Question 15

Lamine Guèye

Answer 15

Senegalese politician who became leader of the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action. Represented Senegal in the French National Assembly.

Question 16

Nnamdi Azikiwe

Answer 16

First pres. of Nigeria. He was a leading figure of Nigerian nation-state nationalism.

Question 17

Kwame Nkrumah

Answer 17

1st president and prime minister of Ghana. Oversaw the transition to independence from British colonial rule in Ghana. Advocated Pan-African nationalism.

Question 18

Colonial Development & Welfare Act, 1940 (UK program)

Answer 18

British developmental fund for colonial possessions. Intended to enhance colonial infrastructure, primarily in the areas of health and education.

Question 19

FIDES, 1946 (French program)

Answer 19

French aid program for colonies. Its lack of success led to further anti-colonial sentiment.

Question 20

RDA (Rassemblement Démocratique Africain)

Answer 20

Political party throughout French West Africa and French Equitorial Africa. Led by Houphouet-Boigny, the party initially supported Pan-Africanism but this changed as Houphouet-Boigny grew hostile towards African federalism.

Question 21

Positive Action

Answer 21

A series of political protests and strikes started by Nkrumah in Ghana. These actions led to Ghana’s independence and Nkrumah’s election as the first president.

Question 22

Sekou Toure

Answer 22

Represents the new African elite. Tries to bring the new urban politics of the urban elites into the rural communities. Brought independence to Guinea by pushing for a “no” vote on the French Community. Served as the 1st pres. of Guinea.

Question 23

Emeka Ojukwu

Answer 23

Was the military governor of E. Nigeria. Subsequently led the breakaway Republic of Biafra and its military campaign for independence from Nigeria.

Question 24

Yakubu Gowon

Answer 24

Became the leader of Nigeria through a military coup. Led Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War and prevented Biafra’s secession.

Question 25

Fela Kuti

Answer 25

Pioneer of Afrobeat music, he was also a human rights activist. His music often contained anti-colonial messages.