Were the peace treaties of 1919-1923 fair?

Question 1

Anschluss

Answer 1

Joining of Austria and Germany as one state - Forbidden by the ToV in 1919 but carried out by Hitler in 1938

Question 2

Big Three

Answer 2

3 main leaders at Versailles/Paris peace conference 1919 - Lloyd George (Britain) George Clemenceau (France) Woodrow Wilson (USA)

Question 3

Conscription

Answer 3

Compulsory service in the armed forces

Question 4

Co-operation

Answer 4

Working together - could be political, economic or legal

Question 5

Demiliatrized Zone

Answer 5

Area of land where troops cannot be stationed e.g Rhineland areas of Germany after World War 1

Question 6

Democracy

Answer 6

Political system in which the population votes for its government in elections held on a regular basis

Question 7

Disarmament

Answer 7

Process of scrapping weapons (land,sea or air)

Question 8

Fourteen Points

Answer 8

Guidelines for a just and lasting peace treaty to end conflict made in a speech by Wilson in 1918 - the most important = creating a league of nations

Question 9

Free Trade between countries

Answer 9

One of Wilson’s 14 points. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions

Question 10

General Strike

Answer 10

Large-scale coordination of strikes by workers designed to stop essential services like power, transport, etc

Question 11

Hindsight

Answer 11

Looking back on historical events with the ability to see what happened since

Question 12

Hyperinflation

Answer 12

Process of money becoming worthless, most notable instance was in Germany in 1923

Question 13

Idealist

Answer 13

Person motivated by particular beliefs e.g commitment to rights of people to rule themselves e.g Woodrow Wilson

Question 14

Realist

Answer 14

Politician who accepts a particular course of action even though it is not what what they would prefer to do

Question 15

Kapp Putsch

Answer 15

Attempt to overthrow democratically elected government in Germany in 1920

Question 16

League of Nations

Answer 16

Organisation set up to manage international disputes and prevent wars after World War 1. Brainchild of US President Woodrow Wilson

Question 17

Mandates

Answer 17

System by which Britain and France took control of territories ruled by Germany and Turkey which had been in the losing side in World War 1

Question 18

Paris Peace Conference

Answer 18

Conference which ran 1919-23 to decide how to officially end World War 1. Resulted in Treaty of Versailles with Germany and 3 other treaties

Question 19

Public Opinion

Answer 19

View of majority or large section of population on an issue, most important in democracies where politicians often have to win over public opinion

Question 20

Reparations

Answer 20

Compensation to be paid by Germany and to France, Belgium, Britain and other states as a result of World War 1

Question 21

Rhineland

Answer 21

Area of Germany that bordered France. Under the Treaty of Versailles it was demilitarised - no German forced were allowed there

Question 22

Right-Wing

Answer 22

Political groups or individuals with beliefs usually in national pride, authoritarian government and opposed to communism

Question 23

Ruhr

Answer 23

Main industrial area of Germany

Question 24

Saar

Answer 24

Region on the border between France and Germany. Run by League of Nations from 1920-1935 when it’s people voted to become part of Germany

Question 25

Secret Treaties

Answer 25

One of the 14 points was that no secret treaties should be agreed - all treaties should be internationally known.
A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty’s existence or substance from other states and the public.

Question 26

Territories

Answer 26

The geographical areas making up a country or its colonies

Question 27

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 27

Treaty between Germany and Russia in 1918 which ended war between the two. Germany took 25% of its best land, 34% of its population, 89% of its coal mines and 300 million gold roubles

Question 28

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 28

Treaty that officially ended war between Allies and Germany in 1919. Controversial because of the terms, which Germany claimed to be excessively harsh.

Question 29

Young Plan

Answer 29

American economic plan in 1929 to reorganise reparations payments and o make it easier for Germany to pay

Question 30

War Guilt Clause

Answer 30

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles which forced Germany to accept blame for World War 1