Were the peace treaties of 1919-1923 fair? Flashcards
Anschluss
Joining of Austria and Germany as one state - Forbidden by the ToV in 1919 but carried out by Hitler in 1938
Big Three
3 main leaders at Versailles/Paris peace conference 1919 - Lloyd George (Britain) George Clemenceau (France) Woodrow Wilson (USA)
Conscription
Compulsory service in the armed forces
Co-operation
Working together - could be political, economic or legal
Demiliatrized Zone
Area of land where troops cannot be stationed e.g Rhineland areas of Germany after World War 1
Democracy
Political system in which the population votes for its government in elections held on a regular basis
Disarmament
Process of scrapping weapons (land,sea or air)
Fourteen Points
Guidelines for a just and lasting peace treaty to end conflict made in a speech by Wilson in 1918 - the most important = creating a league of nations
Free Trade between countries
One of Wilson’s 14 points. International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions
General Strike
Large-scale coordination of strikes by workers designed to stop essential services like power, transport, etc
Hindsight
Looking back on historical events with the ability to see what happened since
Hyperinflation
Process of money becoming worthless, most notable instance was in Germany in 1923
Idealist
Person motivated by particular beliefs e.g commitment to rights of people to rule themselves e.g Woodrow Wilson
Realist
Politician who accepts a particular course of action even though it is not what what they would prefer to do
Kapp Putsch
Attempt to overthrow democratically elected government in Germany in 1920
League of Nations
Organisation set up to manage international disputes and prevent wars after World War 1. Brainchild of US President Woodrow Wilson
Mandates
System by which Britain and France took control of territories ruled by Germany and Turkey which had been in the losing side in World War 1
Paris Peace Conference
Conference which ran 1919-23 to decide how to officially end World War 1. Resulted in Treaty of Versailles with Germany and 3 other treaties
Public Opinion
View of majority or large section of population on an issue, most important in democracies where politicians often have to win over public opinion
Reparations
Compensation to be paid by Germany and to France, Belgium, Britain and other states as a result of World War 1
Rhineland
Area of Germany that bordered France. Under the Treaty of Versailles it was demilitarised - no German forced were allowed there
Right-Wing
Political groups or individuals with beliefs usually in national pride, authoritarian government and opposed to communism
Ruhr
Main industrial area of Germany
Saar
Region on the border between France and Germany. Run by League of Nations from 1920-1935 when it’s people voted to become part of Germany
Secret Treaties
One of the 14 points was that no secret treaties should be agreed - all treaties should be internationally known.
A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty’s existence or substance from other states and the public.
Territories
The geographical areas making up a country or its colonies
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty between Germany and Russia in 1918 which ended war between the two. Germany took 25% of its best land, 34% of its population, 89% of its coal mines and 300 million gold roubles
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that officially ended war between Allies and Germany in 1919. Controversial because of the terms, which Germany claimed to be excessively harsh.
Young Plan
American economic plan in 1929 to reorganise reparations payments and o make it easier for Germany to pay
War Guilt Clause
Clause in the Treaty of Versailles which forced Germany to accept blame for World War 1
