Wellness Exam 2 Flashcards
Ecological Model
Bronfenbrenner. Intrapersonal -> Interpersonal -> Organization -> Community -> Policy. Useful in health promotion interventions, child development. The more circles we hit the more change we will see.
Health Belief Model
Perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, Demographic Factors, and Cues to Action all influence someone’s Perceived Threat.
The Perceived Threat, Self-Efficacy, and Benefits of Action minus Barriers to Action all lead to the Likelihood of Action
Self-Efficacy
Confidence in one’s ability to take action/overcome barriers - I can do this! “If I am going to engage in an activity I will be able to do it and be good at it”.
Social Cognitive Theory
Bandura. Money see, monkey do.
Behavior - Environment - Person/Cognitive
Reciprocal determinism
The dynamic interaction fo the person, behavior, and environment in which the behavior is performed. Consider multiple avenues to behavioral change.
Observational learning
Behavioral acquisition that occurs by watching the actions and outcomes of others’ behavior
Behavioral capability
Knowledge on how to perform behavior
Transtheoretical model of change
Precontemplative - Contemplation - Preparation - Action - Maintenance
5 A’s
Ask
Advise - quitting is best for your health
Assess - readiness to change (scale of 1-7 if
Assist - provide resources and treatment
Arrange
What is health education?
Information and skills that facilitate behavior change and self-management. Combined set of planned learning experiences that provide individuals and communities with the opportunity to acquire tools needed to make positive health decisions.
What is health literacy?
The capacity of an individual to obtain, process, and understand health information and services in order to make appropriate health decisions.
What influences health literacy?
Culture Education level Communication style Learning style Developmental stage Cognitive level Special needs and considerations
What are the goals of health education?
To help individuals, families, and communities achieve, through their own initiative, optimal levels of health. To improve health literacy.
What are the domaines of learning and associated teaching strategies? (3)
Cognitive - thinking, discussion etc
Affective - feeling, role play, simulation
Psychomotor - acting/doing, demonstration and practice
SMART objectives are….
….specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound
Steps in the teaching/learning process (4)
Assess
Develop SMART goals
Develop/implement the teaching plan (cognitive, affective, psychomotor)
Evaluate using teach back, return demo, pre/post test, survey
What are some ways to promote health literacy?
Shame free environment Provide privacy Don't assume people understand Encourage questions Use short, clear phrases Avoid medical jargon Reinforce the spoken word Person-centered communication
Why is self care important for nurses?
Enhances our ability to care for others if we take care of ourselves. Decreases likelihood of burnout, enhances our quality of life
DIG approach
Deliberate in thoughts and actions through reflection or intention setting
Inspired to make new choices
Go! Take action.
Strategies to promote resilience
Add positives to your day Practice gratitude Recognize impermanence and keep perspective Embrace change Be optimistic and hopeful Know when to let go vs when to take action Set realistic expectations Connect with others
Resistance definition
Refusing to comply, attempting to prevent
Acceptance definition
Willingness to tolerate and cope - leads to better outcomes
How can you assist a patient in making a quit plan?
Should be within 2-4 weeks Tell family, friends, coworkers Anticipate challenges Remove tobacco from the environment Give tobacco quit line/community resources Discuss pharmacotherapy options
What are some dangers of 2nd and 3rd hand smoke?
Exposure to toxins can increase the risk of cancer and other conditions (asthma, ear infections, breathing problems, skin problems)
5 R’s
Relevance Risk Reward Roadblocks Repeat
Exercise definition?
Planned, structured, repetitive body movement used to maintain or improve physical fitness?
Aerobic exercise
Uses large muscle groups, improves CV endurance, fat is fuel
Anaerobic exercise
Short bursts of intense activity, increase power, speed, strength, uses phosphagen and glycogen as fuel
What are the exercise recommendations for children?
60 minutes/day of mostly aerobic activity.
3 days/week vigorous activity
3+ days/week bone and muscle strengthening (within those 60 minutes)
What are the exercise recommendations for adults/older adults?
150 min/wk of moderate aerobic activity per week with 2+ days of muscle strengthening or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week, with 2+ days of muscle strengthening.
What are the exercise recommendations for pregnant women?
Same as the exercise recommendations for adults but need to consult with provider before engaging in vigorous activity
How do you measure physical exertion in adults?
Moderate - can talk but can’t sing
Vigorous - can only say a few words at a time; HR and breathing rate are significantly increased
Borg scale for rating perceived exertion
Borg scale for rating perceived exertion
6-20 (multiply x 10 to get estimated HR)
11-14 moderate intensity
15+ vigorous
How do you measure physical exertion in children?
Moderate - walking briskly around the playground; HR and BR are somewhat elevated
Vigorous - playing tag; HR and BR are elevated
What is an exercise Rx?
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type (aerobic vs muscle strengthening)
What is gender?
Attitudes, feelings, behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex
What is sex?
Assigned at birth based on the assessment of external genitalia, chromosomes, or gonads
What is gender identity?
One’s view of oneself as male, female, both, neither, or something else
Transgender definition
An individual whose gender identity does not align with the sex assigned to them at birth
Gender nonconforming
Gender expression si at odds with cultural/societal expectations
Gender expression
Associated with one’s physical presentation, communication patterns, and behaviors used to express aspects of gender identity or role
Cisgender
Individual whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned to them at birth
Nonbinary gender identity and expression
Doesn’t fall in to to the traditional gender binary; maybe referred to as gender fluid or gender expansive
Gender creative expression
Does not experience gender dysphoria and has a gender identity that matches their sex assigned at birth, but may have a gender expression that is at odds with cultural expectations
How can you integrate gender-affirming approaches in to providing care?
Don't make assumptions Mirror their language Ask for clarification Use gender neutral terms/pronouns Be sensitive when asking questions/conducting a physical exam Don't ask unrelated questions Use the two step approach (sex assigned at birth and current gender identity) Document preferences and pronouns Need to assess based on current anatomy
