Welfare State Flashcards
education in the early 20th century
1902 Education Act increased the chances of a grammar school education for able working-class children. secondary education remained the preserve for middle and upper classes. Butler thought he had anwered questions with his 1944 education Act but came under attack for his system.
gender divide befoe 1918
alll pupils would study three strands, humanistic and scientific skills along with domestic skills for girls and manual skills for boys. idea was that boy and girls needed different spheres of education and emerged from the industrial revolution.
university education before 1918
1880 and 1909 6 new ‘red brick’ uni’s were built in industrial cities. focus on providing men with skills they could use in the workplace especially in the field of engineering.
H.A.L Fisher and Henry Hadow
1918 fisher education Act aimed to help with construction of a ‘homes fit for heroes’. wanted to widen access to education by increasing school leaving age to 14, nursery schools for toddlers, ‘continuation schools’ new workers aged over 14 as long as they continues studies 1 day a week., scrapping all fees for elementary education. under Lab gov Trevelyan tried to increase leaving age to 15 in 1930’s.
1926 Hadow report
elementary schools to be replaced with Primary schools for pupils 5-11, 3 types of secondary schools for 11-15 - grammar schools, technical sschools, modern schools. this was known as the tripartite system.
the Butler Education Act 1944
aimed to tackle the ‘giant’ of ignorance by building upon Hadows report. school leaving age increased to 15 in 1947, secondary education to be free and universally available.
Crosland Circular 1965
called for universal comprehensive education. in 1966 Gov issued another document saying funding will only go to LEA’s who adopted comprehensive reform, led to LEA’s to feel coerced into adopting the new system as there was financial pressure.
1976 Education Act
done under Lab gov reintroduced comprehensive reorganisation but removed funding from direct grant schools.
Plowden report 1967
more project based work carried out in primary # schools rather than teacher led activities
focus on learning through play in early years teaching - acceptance all children learn at a different pace
# punctuation and grammar was seen as hindrance to creativity and a threat to progress.
1973 education(Work Experience) Act
raised compulsory leaving age from 15 to 16
Robbins Report
universal national grant be provided to all students with a university place, there should be a large increase in state funding to enable growth of university places. advice acted upon and led to some impresive results. it led to an impressive boom in university education between 1970-83.
