Welfare and ethics Flashcards
What are the 5 animal needs under the Animal Welfare Act 2006?
• The need for a suitable diet
• The need to exhibit natural behaviours
• The need for a suitable environment
• The need to be housed with or without others
• The need to be protected from injury, pain, disease and suffering
What are the 3 main animal welfare laws?
• The Animal Welfare Act 2006
• Animal Health and Welfare Act (Scotland) 2006
• Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011
Give 3 potential hazards when working with animals
• Broken enclosure
• Equipment being out
• Animal with aggressive behaviour
• Knives in the kitchen
• Incorrect handling
• Scaring animals
• Wearing accessories
• Unclean rooms
What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?
• A hazard is something that could cause harm
• A risk is the harm that could be caused because of the hazard
Give 3 considerations needed when housing animals
• Natural behaviour
• Physical enrichment
• Space
• Temperature / humidity
• Construction materials
• Substrate / bedding / water
• Access to accomodation
• Size of accomodation
• Companions
• Dimensions
• Appropriate use of space
• Ventilation
• Infrastructure
Give 3 welfare issues that could be a result of poor accomodation
• Aggression / frustration
• Weight issues
• Respiratory issues
• Malnutrition
• Disease
• Abnormal behaviours
• Injuries
• Foot problems
• Mental health issues
Give 3 common nutrition / diet related issues
• Obesity
• Diarrhoea
• Malnutrition
• Dehydration
• Gastric ulcers
• Metabolic bone disease
• Behavioural issues
• Lower life expectancy
• Choking
• Cholic
• Diabetes
What are circadian rhythms?
The changes in an animal’s activity levels during the day and night
What are the 3 types of circadian rhythms?
• Diurnal
• Crepuscular
• Nocturnal
What are the 3 classifications of animal socialty?
• Solitary
• Eusocial
• Presocial
Why do solitary species come together?
Courtship and mating
Give 3 examples of social behaviour
• Grooming
• Performing other behaviours together like hunting , sleeping
• Playing
• Social communication
• Dominance hierarchies
• Ritualised aggression
• Courtship
• Altruism
Give 3 considerations needed when handling small animals
• Size, fragility, speed
• Biting
• Temperament
• Feeding times
• Injury / disease / medical condition
• Hormonal cycles
• Time of day
• Mood
• Sex
• Stress levels
What are the 3 rules when handling small animals?
• Approach slowly
• Avoid loud noises
• No sudden movements
Give 3 types of exercise provisions
• Large enough enclosures
• Taking them for walks
• Structures that encourage flying / climbing
• Riding
• Exercise run
• Exercise wheel
• Outside access
• Pool for swimming
• Enrichment activities
What are the 5 categories of animal enrichment?
• Food
• Cognitive
• Sensory
• Social
• Physical environment
What is the most common type of abnormal behaviour?
Stereotypical behaviour
Give 3 examples of oral abnormal behaviour
• Overeating
• Bar biting
• Chewing limbs
• Crib biting
• Feather plucking
• Wal licking
• Undereating
• Wind sucking
• Self mutilation
Give 3 examples of locomotory abnormal behaviour
• Oversleeping
• Overgrooming
• Hyperactive
• Pacing
• Circling
• Box walking
• Weaving
• Over aggression
• Head bobbing
• Self mutilation
• Over vocalisation
When can a behaviour be defined as normal?
If it serves a function and is performed in the correct context
When can a behaviour be defined as abnormal?
If it falls outside the normal behaviour pattern for the animal’s class / age. This only happens in captivity
What is autogrooming?
When an animal cleans themself.
Example : a cat
What is allogrooming?
When animals clean each other
Example : monkeys
Give 3 examples of feeding behaviour
• Prey capture
• Striking
• Foraging
• Selective grazing
• Scavenging
• Filter feeding
• Browsing
• Rooting
• Burrowing
• Stalking prey
What are the words for positive and negative stress?
Eustress = positive
Distress = negative
Give 3 negative consequences of stress in animals
• Suppressed immune system
• Infertility
• Poor embryonic development
• Appetite changes
• Gastrointestinal problems
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hair loss
• Skin issues
• Abnormal behaviour
Give 3 common stresses in domestic and captive animals
• Noise
• Isolation
• Presence of other animals
• Overcrowding
• Confinement / restraint
• Unfamiliar surroundings
• Lack of food / water
• Inappropriate temperature
• Unfamiliar people
• Inappropriate handling
• Negative social interactions
• Inability to express normal behaviour
• Fear
• Pain
• Smell
• Removal of their own scent
What are the three types of venom?
• Hemotoxic
• Neurotoxic
• Cytotoxic
Whats the difference between a poisonous and venomous animal?
• Venomous - delivers toxins by wounding another animal
• Poisonous - Administer secretions passively
What should you do if you encounter an aggressive venomous snake?
- Stay calm and still
- If you can, identify the snake
- Get assistance
What percentage of all animals are invertebrate?
97%
