Welfare

Question 1

Welfare

Answer 1

'’The welfare of a sentient animal is determined by its capacity to avoid suffering and sustain fitness’’ Webster 2005

Question 2

Non-sentient

Answer 2

These animals can respond to environmental stimuli to protect their homeostasis but have no brain processing of that stimuli and therefore no emotional response

Question 3

Self-awareness

Answer 3

The ability not only to feel but to be consciously aware of these feelings and be aware that one is a separate individual to those around. It is associated with the ability to rationalize and control feelings.

Question 4

Sentience

Answer 4

The ability to experience emotions and feelings which allows an animal to remember positive and negative experiences and change their behavior with experience

Question 5

The Five Freedoms

Answer 5

• Freedom of Hunger and Thirst
• Freedom of Discomfort
• Freedom of Injury & Pain
• Freedom to Behave Normally
• Freedom from Fear & distress

Question 6

Acute Stress

Answer 6

Short, brief and intense exposure to a stressor - a normal aspect of life that may reflect an actual, potential (or imagined) threat

Question 7

Chronic Stress

Answer 7

Prolonged exposure to one stressor or an accumulation of stressors

Question 8

Clinical Stress

Answer 8

Stress that causes clear signs and symptoms such as change of behavior of physiology

Question 9

Coping

Answer 9

Successful coping. Eans an animal is challenged by a stressor but still maintaining its homeostasis

Question 10

Distress

Answer 10

If a stressor exceeds an animal’s ability to maintain homeostasis, they are no longer coping successfully and are now distressed which cannot be tolerated long term and has very serious implications

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

Physiological and Mental Equilibrium of an animal in order to survive

Question 12

HPA Axis

Answer 12

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis : Primary stress reaction that triggers the body’s adaptive response to threat and release of cortisol

Question 13

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 13

This systems “turns off” so that an animal can relax, digest and recover. It is the opposite of the Sympathetic Nervous System.

Question 14

Strain

Answer 14

An alteration of an organism’s physiological system due to stress. This results in the animals homeostasis being affected.

Question 15

Stress

Answer 15

The intensity and durability of a challenge faced by an organism. These can be both physiological and psychological stressors.

Question 16

Stress response

Answer 16

Behavioral or psychological changes in response to a stressor that attempt to maintain one’s homeostasis and protect itself.

Question 17

Sub-clinical Stress

Answer 17

A stressor is present in the environment but not placing strain on the animal yet. It does not shift resour es away from normal function, therefore not impacting the homeostatis

Question 18

Sympathic Nervous System

Answer 18

This nervous systems switches the body “on” in preparation for activity especially as a survival response. It’s the opposite of the Parasympathetic Nervous System.