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Weimar Republic & Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 2 reasons for lack of support for democracy 1918-29

A

Army openly disliked republic

Army had lot of respect from German republic

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2
Q

how did the republic creation mark change, what was the republic unfamiliar with and why

A

marked change of organisation and structure of power
unfamiliar with democracy- previously had limited power to pass or reject laws

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3
Q

when did Ebert announce the creation of Weimar Republic

A

november 9th 1918

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4
Q

why was the creation of Weimar republic difficult

A

external pressure, unrest in country (due to defeat and treaty of versailles and abduction of kaiser)

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5
Q

what happened to germanys military under ToV

A

only allowed 100,000 men, conscription band, six battleships, no submarines no Air Force, no soldiers

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6
Q

What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

War Guilt Clause

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7
Q

What happened to Germany’s land under ToV

A

lost 10% of land, lost empire, coalfields

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8
Q

How many assassinations were there from 1919 to 21

A

376

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9
Q

When was the Spartacist uprising?

A

January 1919

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10
Q

What causes Spartacist uprising?

A

January 4, Eichorn sacked 2000s of what workers went on strike (100,000 January 6th)

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11
Q

What happens in the Spartacist uprising and what was the goal?

A

Took over government newspaper aim to take over Germany as a communist country

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12
Q

How did the Spartacist uprising end?

A

Ebert ordered Friekorps to stop 13th of January it stopped, 16th of January leaders killed

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13
Q

who are the Friekorp?

A

Group of right wing nationalist ex- soldiers. They hate the treaty of versailles and feel that they never lost World War I.

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14
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

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15
Q

how did the Kapp putsch happen?

A

march 20th Freikorp, led by Wolfgang Kapp, due to being disbanded and Fear of unemployment. 5000 of them marched in Berlin and put forward Kapp as politician and declared new government.

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16
Q

why did the Kapp putsch happen?

A

Freikorps hated Weimar Republic

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17
Q

why did the Kapp putsch happen?

A

Freikorps hated Weimar Republic

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18
Q

how did the kapp putsch end?

A

old government fled, strikes and essential services ended. after 4 days kapp couldn’t govern

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19
Q

When was the Ruhr Crisis?

A

January 1923

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20
Q

how did the ruhr crisis start and why

A

Germany couldn’t pay reparations in 1922 December. They failed to send ruhr coal to France

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21
Q

what happened first in the ruhr crisis

A

french send troops to ruhr, to take payment in raw materials. 11th jan 1923, 60,000 french takeover

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22
Q

What were the events of the Munich Putch?

A

9th nov 1923 hitler, ludendorff and 1000 SA members march to munich, police are prepared and kill 14 and hitler is arrested

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23
Q

how did Germany react to ruhr crisis and what did France do?

A

workers went on strike, ruhr production stops.
so French bring in their own workers (causes violence) and arrests them

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24
Q

How many soldiers did the French army have?

A

750,000

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25
Q

what did the ruhr crisis cause for Germany other than hyperinflation?

A

increase debts, unemployment, worsened shortages

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26
Q

how does the ruhr crisis and hyperinflation link?

A

Weimar Republic print more money to pay strikers and make up for the loss of coal/iron

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27
Q

3 reasons munich putch failed

A

hitler fail to get army support
lack of support from Kahr/lossow (prepared munich) no support of people

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28
Q

short term consequences of munich putch?

A

nazis banned, hitler in jail and looks like a coward. 32 seats in 1924

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29
Q

why was hitlers trial positive for nazis?

A

national press (used to attack republic), short prison time
hitler wrote the main kampf

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30
Q

whats included in 25 point plan

A

destroy ToV
expel jews
build army
racist and socialist ideas

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31
Q

when did nazi party relaunch

A

1925

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32
Q

How did the price of bread change during hyperinflation?

A

One mark in 1919 to 200,000 billion marks in 1923

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33
Q

What are the positives in the negatives of hyperinflation?

A

positives: owed money value decreases, workers do well ,wages increase

negatives: normal living, impossible, mass, poverty, starvation, bankrupt

34
Q

when did Stresseman become chancellor?

A

August 1923

35
Q

what were four things Stresemann did to fix economic problems and how?

A

1) Dawes plan 1924- reduced reparations to 50 million a year, industry grows by 40%
2) introduces new currency- Rentenmark to end hyperinflation, once reset prices, replaced by Reichsmark, trusted currency
3) ends ruhr crisis
4) Young plan 1919, 6 billion to 2 billion and +59 years to pay off reparations. gov can reduce taxes

36
Q

What is the Locarno Treaty?

A

1925 UK, France and Belgium accepted new border, and France promised, peace

37
Q

What is the Locarno Treaty?

A

1925 UK, France and Belgium accepted new border, and France promised, peace

38
Q

what was signed in 1928 by Stresemann

A

Kellog Braind pact- peace talks

39
Q

what are the results to Stresemann actions?

A

germans happier with government, restored national pride and europe see germany as respectable

40
Q

how did work of stresseman bring stability to german politics

A

coalitions work together, decisions came be made
Hindenburg as president 1925
people are happier

41
Q

How many cinemas were there in the golden age?

A

3800 in 1932

42
Q

how much did the nazis get of the vote in 1928 during the golden age

A

2% 12 seats

43
Q

what were the negatives of the golden age

A

germany very reliant on the US loans/money “we are dancing on a volcano”

44
Q

What change was made for women during the golden age

A

Equal rights, fashion, smoking, drinking

45
Q

how did wages and housing change during the golden age?

A

wages increased by 10% and hours drop
new housing, built,
60% less homeless

46
Q

When and how did the Wall Street crash happen?

A

1929, USA, asks for dawes loans back
causes serious economic problems- Great Depression

47
Q

When and how did the Wall Street crash happen?

A

1929, USA, asks for dawes loans back
causes serious economic problems- Great Depression

48
Q

How much did the depression affect industrial production?

A

Fell by 40% by 1932

49
Q

What else changed or was affected by the Great depression?

A

businesses collapse, trade stopped, unemployment rose, banks collapsed

50
Q

What else changed or was affected by the Great depression?

A

businesses collapse, trade stopped, unemployment rose, banks collapsed

51
Q

How much did unemployment rise during the Great depression?

A

From 1,300,000 to 6,000,000

52
Q

Why did people turn into the Nazis during Great depression?

A

unemployment benefits cut and tax increased so people lost faith in the Republic

53
Q

what did the Nazis do to ‘fix the economy’?

A

Offer bread and work and set up soup, kitchens

54
Q

How did the Great depression change Nazi votes?

A

230 seats

55
Q

What happened to Germany’s communist party during the Great Depression

A

Gain votes from the working class

56
Q

How did the rise of communism help the Nazis during the Great depression?

A

Hitler promised to destroy communism and use the SA to beat them up and disrupt meetings
gained support from the rich, who feared lands and profits being taken away

57
Q

How many newspapers did the Nazis owned by 1930?

A

130

58
Q

How did the SA help the Nazis?

A

They were intimidating,
bigger army than the communists,
bigger army than the German army, people liked the uniforms,
SA intimidated people at polling stations

59
Q

How did the SA help the Nazis?

A

They were intimidating,
bigger army than the communists,
bigger army than the German army, people liked the uniforms,
SA intimidated people at polling stations

60
Q

What was Germany situation like in 1932

A

Germany in chaos,
6 million unemployed
chaos on Streets
Germany on verge of collapse
coalitions always arguing
article 48 to use a lot

61
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

62
Q

why was the Reichstag fire a gift for Hitler?

A

He’d always promised, communist wanted to take over

63
Q

What does Hindenburg give Hitler after the Reichstag fire?

A

The emergency decree
Germany becomes a police state
Hitler arrests, 4000 communists, shut down their newspapers and kill 51 opponents

64
Q

When were the Nazis the second biggest party?

A

1932

65
Q

How many times did Chancellor Bruning and Hindenburg use article 48 in 1932

A

66 times

66
Q

Why did Nazi votes drop to 28% in November 1932

A

SA violence, worrying voters

67
Q

What happened happened between May and November 1932

A

Bruning replaced by Von Papen as chancellor, (but has little support due to using article 48)
Nazi votes increased to 32% in July, but Hindenburg still doesn’t want to make Hitler Chancellor

68
Q

when is Von Scheichler made chancellor and is he any good?

A

December 1932 he has no support and uses article 48

69
Q

what does Von Papen convince Hindenburg to do?

A

make Papen vice Chancellor and make Hitler Chancellor
give cabinet places to 2 Nazis

70
Q

why does Papen think Hitler can be controlled?

A

Hitler is “sandwiched” between them and a “mouse”

71
Q

When does Hitler become Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

72
Q

what were two things Hitler promised

A

To destroy the treaty of Versailles and fix the economy

73
Q

How did German propaganda make Hitler appealing?

A

“our last hope” “one leader”

74
Q

What did Hitler come in the 1932 president election?

A

2nd

75
Q

What did Hitler offer to Germans?

A

Unity

76
Q

What happened in March 1933 elections and how did Hitler deal with it?

A

44% votes for Nazis, Hitler bans communists
forced reichstag to pass emergency degree

77
Q

What was the national labour service?

A

All young men between the ages 18-25 years had to join for 6 months
Given jobs in public works like building schools,hospitals, and repairing roads

78
Q

What was invisible unemployment?

A

official government figures showed unemployment was falling but did not include jews being forced out of jobs, women being dismissed, unmarried men under 25 doing labour service and opponents of the regime who were sent to concentration camps

79
Q

When was the enabling act?

A

March, 1933

80
Q

What did Hitler use the enabling act to do?

A

ban trade unions
July 1933 ban all political parties, except Nazis
set up his own peoples court
replace local councils with his own government

81
Q

Who controlled Nazi propaganda?

A

Josef Goebbels

82
Q

What groups did propaganda target?

A

Women workers, rich and right wing

History (1 decks)

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