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Germany > Weimar Republic > Flashcards

Weimar Republic Flashcards

0
Q

How did the TOV limit Germany’s land?

A

13% of land lost to France, Belgium, Poland, Denmark
Polish corridor split Germany in half
Alsace-Lorraine lost to France

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1
Q

How did the TOV limit Germany’s military?

A

Army limited to 100,000 men
No airforce
No submarines
Rhineland demilitarised

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2
Q

How did the TOV limit Germany economically?

A

£6.6 billion reparations paid to allies for war damage compensation. Paid to France and Belgium.

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3
Q

Why did Gemans hate the TOV?

A 
It made them feel like the war was their fault
Many were paying for other people's actions 
Meant they had a lack of resources 
Made them feel defenceless
Made them feel vulnerable 
Increased unemployment
Made Germany poor
Felt they had been stabbed in the back
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4
Q

What did Germans name the politicians who signed the TOV?

A

The November Criminals

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5
Q

When was the TOV signed?

A

28th June 1919

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6
Q

When was Weimar Republic in power?

A

1918-1933

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7
Q

What was proportional representation?

A

When the number of Reichstag seats depended on the percentage of votes.

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8
Q

How was proportional representation ineffective?

A

In the 1920s 28 parties were represented

Chancellors needed coalitions to get majority support which was unstable

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9
Q

What was Article 48?

A

When the president could pass laws without anyone else in an emergency.

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10
Q

What was the problem with Article 48?

A

It meant that the president could become a dictator.

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11
Q

What else could the President do?

A

Choose the chancellor
Dismiss the Reichstag
Call new elections
Assume control of the army

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12
Q

When was the Spartacist Revolt?

A

6th January 1919

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13
Q

What are the key features of the Spartacist Revolt?

A

Lead by Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
100,000 communists demonstrated in Berlin and took over key buildings
The Freikorps (right-wing, retired soldiers) helped to put down the uprisings in early 1919

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14
Q

When was Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

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15
Q

What are the key features of Kapp Putsch?

A

5000 supporters of Dr Wolfgang Kapp marched on Berlin to overthrow the Weimar
Freikorps took part
Government fled to Dresden
Kapp realised that he couldn’t govern and fled
Army didn’t stop uprising because they sympathised with the Freikorps
The workers went on strike, which made the uprising fall apart

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16
Q

Why were the revolts important?

A

They showed how weak they government were and how unpopular they were.

17
Q

When was Hyperinflation?

A

1923

18
Q

How did Hyperinflation happen?

A

Treaty of Versailles made Germany pay reparations
==> French invaded Ruhr and took resources because Germany failed to pay reparations
==> Passive Resistance
==> Government prints more money to pay strikers and families.
==>Hyperinflation

19
Q

What was the Ruhr?

A

The heart of Germany’s industry, it had many resources.

20
Q

What was Passive Resistance?

A

When the workers in the Ruhr went on strike.

21
Q

What was Hyperinflation?

A

When money lost its value very quickly because too much was being printed e.g. in 1922 the value of money decreased by 100,000 in one year.

22
Q

What were the effects of Hyperinflation?

A

People who owned something valuable which wasn’t money, such as land or a business, were better off.
People who didn’t have much money in the first place had nothing to lose so stayed the same.
People who worked hard to earn something like savings or a pension were worse off because those things lost their value.
Made the government seem weak.

23
Q

How did Stresemann help to recover Germany economically?

A

New currency - The Rentenmark
The Dawes Plan
The Young Plan

24
Q

When was the Dawes Plan?

A

1924

25
Q

What did the Dawes Plan do?

A

Reduced annual payments of reparations

US loans were introduced, which made reparations more manageable.

26
Q

When was the Young Plan?

A

1929

27
Q

What did the Young Plan do?

A

Reduced total reparations to £2 billion

Gave Germany 59 more years to pay reparations

28
Q

How did Stresemann improve Germany politically?

A

Greater political stability
Less support for extremist parties
No revolutions

29
Q

When were the Locarno Treaties?

A

1925

30
Q

What were the Locarno Treaties?

A

Germany, Belgium and France agreed to keep existing borders between them.
Improved relations with Britain and France.

31
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations and how did this improve foreign affairs?

A

1925

Meant that Germany was recognised as a great power again.

32
Q

When did France withdraw from the Ruhr?

A

1925

33
Q

When was the Rentenmark introduced?

A

November 1923

34
Q

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact and what was it?

A

1928

Germany was one of the 65 countries that agreed to settle disputes peacefully

35
Q

What were some underlying problems of the Weimar Government after recovery under Stresemann?

A

Germany too dependent on US loans
No single party ever won majority in Reichstag so coalitions had to be used which were unstable
Hindenburg didn’t support the Weimar Government

36
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

1929

37
Q

How did the Great Depression affect German people?

A

Millions lost their jobs
Banks went bust and people lost their savings
Many families suffered terrible poverty.

38
Q

In 1928 how many Germans were unemployed?

A

0.8 million

39
Q

By 1932 how many Germans were unemployed?

A

6 million

40
Q

How did the Great Depression affect German business?

A

They had to pay loans back to the USA

Markets dried up as few people in Germany or other countries had money to buy goods.

41
Q

How did the Great Depression affect the government?

A

Refused to print more money so it raised taxes
Wages were reduced
Made cuts to unemployment benefit
Was blamed for being too dependent on US loans
So they were more unpopular

Germany (4 decks)

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