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A Level History: Germany > Weimar Republic 1919-1933 > Flashcards

Weimar Republic 1919-1933 Flashcards

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1
Q

What date was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

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2
Q

Who were the ‘November criminals’?

A

The Weimar Government because they signed the armistice

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3
Q

Who did the German’s blame for the loss of WW1?

A

The government

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4
Q

What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?

A

The German surrender was a surprise and the soldiers felt betrayed by the government when they signed the armistice

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5
Q

When was The Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

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6
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Land Army Money Blame

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7
Q

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

A

£6.6 billion

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8
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

Votes counted as a percentage

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9
Q

Who was appointed chancellor in 1918 after the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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10
Q

What are the the Fundamental Laws (the rights of German citizens)?

A

Personal freedom

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11
Q

What does the fact that German citizens cannot be arrested unless they have broken the law mean?

A

Freedom of expression

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12
Q

What does the fact that all Germans can express their opinions in speech, writing or pictures mean?

A

The freedom to hold peaceful meetings and trade unions and societies

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13
Q

What is Article 48?

A

Can give the President emergency powers

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14
Q

What were the strengths of the Wiemar Constitution?

A
  • All Germans over 20 years of age can vote
  • Proportional representation
  • The Fundamental Laws
  • Article 48 can get the country out of a crisis
  • Reichstag filter laws
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15
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution?

A
  • Article 48 can be misused and can only be used by the president
  • President elected every 7 years
  • Chancellor elected every 4 years
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16
Q

When was the Weimar Constitution ratified?

A

August 1919

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17
Q

What does Land mean?

A
  • Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
  • Germany split in 2 to give Poland access to the Baltic -Sea
  • Saar coalfield under League of Nations control for 15 years before a plebiscite (referendum)
  • Upper Silesia coal and steel works given to Poland
  • Danzig made a free city
  • Lost 13% of it’s land
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18
Q

What does Army mean?

A
  • Limited to 100,000 men
  • No air force
  • No submarines
  • No conscription (forced to go to war)
  • Limited to 15,000 sailors
  • Limited to 6 battleships
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19
Q

What does Money mean?

A
  • Reparations bill to cover family allowances and pensions for the wounded allied soldiers
  • £6.6 billion in reparations
  • Most of the money went to France and Belgium
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20
Q

What does Blame mean?

A
  • Article 231 - war guilt clause

- Germany and her allies were responsible for starting the war

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21
Q

When was the Spartacist Rising

A

5th January 1919

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22
Q

What was the Spartacist Rising?

A

They took over the newspaper and the telegraph

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23
Q

Who were the leaders of the Spartacist Uprising?

A
  • Rosa Luxemburg

- Karl Liebknecht

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24
Q

How did the government respond to the Spartacist uprising?

A
  • 100 killed
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25
Q

Was the Spartacist Uprising left or right wing?

A

Left

26
Q

What were the economic consequences of the Treaty of Versialles?

A
  • The GB naval blockade had ruined the German export trade
  • The government was 2507 billion marks in debt by November 1918
  • War expenditure was financed by the loans and printing money rather than taxation
  • Inflation increased and prices rose 250%
27
Q

What were the political consequences of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • The Weimar Republic was balmes for signing the Treaty of Versailles
  • They became known as the ‘November Criminals’
  • Forever associated with the hated Treaty of Versailles
  • Reinforced the ‘stab in the back’ myth
28
Q

What were the social consequences of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • The Middle Class and those on fixed incomes lost out on the savings
  • Owners of war industries made a lot of money
  • People looked to extremist groups for solutions
29
Q

What were the positive effects of the inflationary crisis?

A
  • Right wing groups did not win mass support

- The new currency meant a government debt of 150,000 million marks was reduced to 15 pfennings

30
Q

What were the negative effects of the inflationary crisis?

A
  • Left deep scars that help to explain the eventual collapse of the Republic
  • It was easy for demagogues to off simple explanations and solutions
  • Provoked increased unrest in 1923
  • Millions of Germans lost their savings
  • The Weimar Republic was weakened politically
31
Q

Who were the Friekorp?

A

Ex-soldiers

32
Q

When was the reparations bill set?

A

May 1921

33
Q

In which month, in 1923, did hyperinflation peak?

A

November

34
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

1920

35
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A
  • 12,000 Freikorp marched to Berlin and the Government were forced to flee
36
Q

Was the Kapp Putsch a left or right wing party?

A

Right

37
Q

How much support did the Kapp Putsch gain?

A

Failed to gain much support

38
Q

Who led the Kapp Putsch?

A

Wolfgang Kapp

39
Q

Who occupied the Ruhr in 1920?

A

The French

40
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8-9th November 1923

41
Q

Who was kidnapped to pledge allegiance to Hitler’s plan during the Munich Putsch?

A

Kahr

42
Q

Who led the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Hitler

- Ludendorff

43
Q

How many members did the Munich Putsch have?

A

55,000

44
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A
  • 600 of the SA and Hitler forced Kahr to promise to support their plan
  • However, the next day he withdrew his support
  • When the nazis marched to a military base they were met by armed police
  • 16 nazis killed
  • Leaders arrested
45
Q

How long was Hitler sent to prison for?

A

5 years

He was released after 9 months

46
Q

Until when, was Hitler banned from public speaking?

A

1928

47
Q

What was hyperinflation?

A

The value of the Dueschmark decreased

48
Q

When did Hindenburg become President?

A

1925

49
Q

What does NSDAP stand for (in English)?

A

National Socialist German Workers Party

50
Q

How long was Gustav Stresemann chancellor?

A

100 days

51
Q

When did Stresemann become chancellor?

A

1923

52
Q

Why weren’t the Jews affected by hyperinflation?

A

They had their own banks

53
Q

When was the Dawes Plan?

A

1924

54
Q

What was the Dawes Plan?

A

USA gave loans to Germany and were given longer to pay off the reparations

55
Q

What were the Locarno Pacts?

A

Borders were agreed/secured with European countries

56
Q

When were the Locarno Pacts?

A

1925

57
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations?

A

1926

58
Q

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

A

66 countries agreed not to go to war

59
Q

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

A

1928

60
Q

What was the Young Plan?

A

Reduced reparations from 132,000 million marks to 37,000 million marks

61
Q

When was the Young Plan?

A

1929

A Level History: Germany (4 decks)

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