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History > Weimar Germany (Building a Dictatorship) > Flashcards

Weimar Germany (Building a Dictatorship) Flashcards

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1
Q

When and where was Hitler born?

A

Austria, 1889

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2
Q

What were the features of Hitler’s Early Life?

A

His parents were 1st cousins

His father was abusive to his wife and children

Hated by his mother, as her other children died young

He had a talent for art.

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3
Q

What happened to hitler in 1914 - 1918?

A

He enlisted in the German army

He was awarded the Iron Cross (1st Class) for his dangerous role as a messenger

He was wounded in 1918- missing the closing stages of the war and believing Dolchstoss

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4
Q

What was Hitler’s job in 1919?

A

He was a spy for the German army, who visited the DAP meetings.

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5
Q

What happened in 1919?

A

Hitler joined meetings of the DAP.
The party was tiny and poor, but Hitler agreed with their views enough to join

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6
Q

Who founded the DAP?

A

Anton Drexler

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7
Q

What does DAP stand for?

A

German Worker’s Party

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8
Q

What did Hitler do in 1921?

A

Hitler took control of the DAP and reorganised it into the NSDAP (Nazi Party).

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9
Q

What did Hitler and Drexler create in 1920?

A

The party’s basic beliefs - The Twenty Five Point Programme

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10
Q

What points were included in the 25 point programmed?

A

Peoples army
Strong central power for the Reich
No Jews
Equal rights
Union of ALL Germans in a Greater Germany

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11
Q

Why was the NSADP both nationalist and socialist?

A

It was a far-right party, but aimed to attract votes by including outwardly socialist ideas

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12
Q

How did Hitler reorganise the NSDAP in 1920?

A

Swastika logo

Ernst Rohm + SA were a show of force for the party (800 members in 1922)

He bought the People’s observer newspaper and increased its popularity

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13
Q

Why did hitler start the munich putsch?

A

Right- wing groups hated the Weimar Rep.
(Because of the November criminals)

Influenced by Mussolini seizing power in Rome in 1922

Germany was in chaos- hyperinflation + occupation of Ruhr

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14
Q

What was the plan of the Munich Putsch?

A

1.Hitler and the SA would hold the heads of both the army and police (in Bavaria) hostage, forcing them to support Hitler.

2.The SA would take control of Munich army barracks, expecting locals and army to support the Nazis

3.Nazis and supporters would march on Berlin overthrowing govt

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15
Q

What were the disadvantages of the munich putsch plan?

A

It was ambitious and unrealistic

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16
Q

What were the beginning events of the munich putsch?

A

Heads of police and army were in a beer hall in Munich

Hitler and 600 SA, burst in. He fired a shot a the ceiling and declared his takeover.

Hitler forced them to declare support for him at gunpoint.

Rohm and SA took over local police and army HQ

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17
Q

What were the later events of the munich putsch?

A

SA failed to secure the main army barracks- they remained loyal to Weimar

Hitler’s declared army general freed the Figures.

Kahr and the others withdrew support and alerted the authorites

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18
Q

What were the final events of the munich putsch?

A

The Nazis stormed munich and were met by police, army and people who supported the Weimar Govt.

Hitler and Ludendorff led SA into a fight.

4 Police and 14 Nazis killed. Hitler was thrown to the ground

Leaders of Nazi party were arrested.

Hitler was arrested on November 11th after fleeing.

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19
Q

What were the consequences of the Munich putsch?

A

Hitler realised he needed to build party support nationwide and secure votes.

Hitler was sentenced to only 5 years, due to right-wing judges. He only served 9 months

Hitler wrote Mein Kampf in prison and it laid out his views and sold well.

Nazi party banned till 1925

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20
Q

What did Mein Kampf state?

A

Germans were Aryans, destined to rule

Jews wanted to undermine Germany though parties like SPD

Overturning the Treaty of Versailles

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21
Q

When was hitler released from prison?

A

December 1924

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22
Q

How many members did the SA have in 1930?

A

400,000

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23
Q

Why did Hitler fear the SA?

A

Unpredictable
Hard to control

More loyal to their leader, Ernst Rohm

24
Q

What was set up in 1925?

A

Hitler’s personal bodyguard: The SS

Led by Himmler

25
Q

What did Hitler do in response to the splits in the Nazi Party?

A

Bamberg Conference (1926)

26
Q

What did the left wing split of the Nazi party believe?

A

Based in the North

Goebbels and Strasser supported them

Socialist + redistribute wealth to workers

27
Q

What did the right wing split of the Nazi party believe?

A

Based in south + rural areas

Nationalism + Antisemitic ideas

Hitler’s side of party

28
Q

What did Hitler say in the Bamberg Conference

A

Gathered all important members of party

He spoke for 5 hours

Socialist left-wing are like communists

Goebbels joined Hitler and became head of propaganda

Strasser pledged loyalty but Hitler side-lined him

Hitler was in control and NSDAP became more nationalist and less socialist

29
Q

Why was there limited Nazi support between 1924 and 1928?

A

Hindenburg persuaded nationalists to support Weimar system

Stresemann got SPD 30% of the vote in 1928

Workers were finally happy with quality of life; didn’t want to support protests

30
Q

How did the wall street crash effect Germany?

A

Businesses closed and people lost jobs- unemployment rose by 5 times.

German banks went bust, as they invested heavily in American companies.

USA was demanding loan repayment.

Tax was increased dramatically

31
Q

What was the Weimar govt’s IMMEDIATE response to the Wall Street crash?

A

Higher taxes
Limited time to claim unemployment benefits

Right wingers hated high tax
Left wingers hated limited benefits

32
Q

Why did the Weimar govt’s IMMEDIATE response to the Wall Street crash make them look weak?

A

Chancellor Bruning had to rely on Article 48 to pass laws- 5 times

33
Q

How many seats did the NSDAP gain between 1928 and 1932?

A

218 seats

34
Q

Why did hitler appeal to the Germans?

A

Powerful speaker

Consistent message that appealed to emotions

Wanted to scrap ToV

Claimed only he could restore law and order

35
Q

Why did the SA appeal to the Germans?

A

Brown shirts = organisation

Image of strength- would stand up for germany

SA could so many numbers they could disrupt other opposition meetings

Intimidation in elections

36
Q

Why did hitler appeal to the Youth?

A

Violence, colour and noise of rallies were exhilarating

Hitlers speeches were exciting

Nazi youth programmes- Hitler youth

37
Q

Why did hitler appeal to the women?

A

Nazi promises to support families became relatable in great depression

Conservative women were suspicious of weimar changes to society in the 20s.

38
Q

Why was bruning forced to resign in 1932?

A

He banned the SS and SA

He announced a mass buy-up of land to house homeless- annoying land owners like Hindenburg

39
Q

When was Hitler made chancellor?

A

January 1933

40
Q

What was Hindenburg accused of in 1932?

A

Having a cabinet of Barons

41
Q

What year did the Nazi p[art become the biggest party?

A

In 1932 they won 38% of the vote (230 seats)

Hitler wasn’t yet made chancellor because Hindenburg hated him

42
Q

Why did Hindenburg make Hitler chancellor?

A

He believed him and Von Papen could control Hitler like a puppet

43
Q

Who was responsible for Hitler’s rise?

A

President Hindenburg

Von Schleicher and Von Papen

German voters

44
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

Feb 1933

45
Q

Who was blamed for the Reichstag fire?

A

Van Der Lubbe- a Dutch communist

He confessed and was executed

46
Q

How did Hitler use the Reichstag fire to his advantage?

A

He arrested 4,000 communists

He pressured Hindenburg into supporting emergency temporary laws to establish control

47
Q

What laws did Hitler influence Hindenburg to make?

A

Decree for Protection of people and state- Hitler could imprison opponents

Control of police- they would ignore SA violence

48
Q

How did Hitler gain power in 1933?

A

He called an election, won 44% of votes and imprisoned more opponents

He could now alter the Weimar Constitution

49
Q

When did the Reichstag approve the enabling act?

A

March 1933

50
Q

What was the enabling act?

A

The cabinet could pass laws without the Reichstag

New laws could override Weimar Constitution.

Chancellor (Hitler) would propose new laws

51
Q

How did the Nazis ban opposition following the enabling act?

A

Banned trade unions

The SA attacked opposition and shut them down

By July 1933 all parties banned, but Nazi

52
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

June 1934

53
Q

What happened during the night of the long knives?

A

SA leaders were lured into a conference and arrested

Rohm told to kill himself. Instead, he was shot in prison.

Von Papen’s secretary killed and home ransacked.

Kahr and others killed by SS.

54
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

August 1934 at 87 years old.

55
Q

How did Hitler obtain complete power?

A

Hindenburg died.

He combined chancellor and presidential powers

Declared himself Fuhrer of Germany.

The army swore an oath to serve him

History (3 decks)

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