Weimar Germany Flashcards
What happened to Kaiser Wilheim at the end of WW1?
He was abdicated, exiled and refused restoration by Hitler
What happened to Germany at the end of WW1?
The National Assembly met in 1919 to set up a new constitution for Germany’s future
Who was the first President of Weimar Germany? How long did he rule for?
Friedrich Ebert, 1919-1925
How often was a President elected?
Every 7 years
Who appointed the Chancellor?
The President
What is Article 48?
An article only used in time of an emergency that states that the president could make and pass laws with out the Reichstag (Gov)
How many seats were in the Reichstag?
661
When was the Spartiacist Uprising?
Jan 1919
Who lead the uprising?
Karl Liebneckt and Rosa Luxembourg
Who were the Friedkorps?
A group of German volunteers who acted as soldiers
Who won the Spartacist uprising?
The Friedkorps
What happened to Liebneckt and Luxembourg?
They died
Whose orders were Liebneckt and Luxembourg following?
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
When was the Kapp Putsch?
1920
Who lead the Kapp Putsch?
Dr Wolfgang Kapp
During the Kapp Putsch, how many Friedkorps were involved to overthrow the Weimar Gov?
5000
What were the aims of the Kapp Putsch?
To help Germany restore it’s land size and army
What happened at the Kapp Putsch?
Friedkorps had turned on Ebert but refused to open fire. Kapp couldn’t win, so fled and was hunted down.
Why were the Friedkorps angry?
They felt Germany’s army was too small.
Who was Paul Von Hindenburg?
Called a ‘War Hero’ during WW1, elected president in 1925
Who is Gustav Stresemann?
Organised Great Recovery of 1923, persuaded French to leave Ruhr
When was the Ruhr crisis?
January 1923
How did the Ruhr crisis start?
When Germany missed a payment on war reparations, 60,000 French and Belgian troops invaded Ruhr and took raw materials as compensation. They also seized railways
How did German workers respond to the French invasion in Ruhr?
They went on strike and refused to work for the French
How did the Weimar gov. respond to the German strikes?
They continued to pay them and printed more money
What happened as a result of printing too much money?
The Reichmarc became worthless and hyperinflation was caused.
When was the Munich Putsch?
9th Nov 1923
What happened at the Munich Putsch?
Hitler, Ludendorff and 3000 Nazis marched into Munich . Police opened fire and 16 died. Hitler and Ludie were arrested for conspiracy.
How long was Hitler’s jail sentence for and how long did he actually serve?
Was 5 years, but served 9 months
What was the Dawes Plan 1924?
A cycle of improvement, where industries would hire more workers who would increase trade which would increase profits so you can rebuild your industry and hire more workers and so on
What was the Young Plan 1929?
Got rid of troops in the Rhineland and lightened on war reparations
What was the 25 point plan? When was it published?
Published in 1920, earliest set of Nazi ideas like abolition of ToV, strong German gov.
When did Hitler remove Drexler and create the SA (brown) shirts?
1921
When was Der Angirg published?
1924
When was Mein Kampf published?
1925
When did Hitler create the SS (black) shirts?
1925
When was the Wall Street crash and why did it affect Germany so badly?
29th Oct 1929, and the USA had lent some $3 billion to Germany to help with reparations but demanded it all back when the stock market crashed
What 4 areas helped Hitler rise to power?
ToV, weakness of Weimar, Strength of Nazi and political instability
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
30th Jan 1933
When was the Reichstag fire?
27th Feb 1933
Who did the Reichstag fire?
Van Der Lubbe - A Dutch Communist
What did Hitler do to all communist and socialist civilians and newspapers?
Civilians- tortured and beaten, sent to prisons
Newspapers- banned
How did Hitler’s votes change between the Nov 1932 and the 1933 elections?
In Nov 1932, Nazi’s had 5.3 million votes, which was increased to 17.7 in 1933
When was Night of the Long Knives?
29th- 30th Jan 1934
What happened at NOLK?
- Elimination of Von Schleicher
- Ernst Rohm and 400 others killed
- SA became more important than SS
Why was the SA a threat to Hitler?
1 million men, enough to overthrow Hitler
SA mocked Nazi officials
What was Operation Kolibri?
Arrest and murder of SA and SS officers
When was Operation Kolibri?
30th June to 2nd July 1934
When and how did Hitler become Fuhrer?
2nd Aug 1934, when Hindenburg died, the offices of President and Chancellor were merged into Fuhrer.
Who was the head of Propaganda and when was the Propaganda organisation founded?
Josef Goebbels, founded on 13th March 1933
What were the aims of Nazi education?
To prepare men for the army and to make women baby making machines. Idea of indoctrination
Use statistics to show the growth of Hitler Youth
1932- 1.5% of pop. joined
1934- 46.5% of pop. joined
1936- 62.8% of pop. joined
What was the role of women in Nazi Germany?
To stay married and make Nazi babies
What is Kinder, Kuche, Kirche?
Children, Kitchen and Church- a policy for women to follow
What was the motherhood cross?
Women would receive medals for having certain amounts of childern (Silver for 6, Gold for 8, 10 meant that you’d get Platinum and Hitler would be your honourary godfather)
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?
A group of Youth’s who opposed Hitler Youth
How did Hitler improve Germany’s economic state?
Beauty of Labour improved factory conditions, 4 year plan got Germany ready for war
