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History ( Germany 1918-1989 ) > Weimar Economics > Flashcards

Weimar Economics Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Great Depression?

A

1929-1932

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2
Q

What was German prosperity dependent on?

A

US loans and US prosperity

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3
Q

What caused the Great Depression?

A

Wall street crash - loss of confidence in markets - exacerbation of existing problems

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4
Q

What did the Great Depression cause the US to do?

A

begin to demand repayment of loans given to G

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5
Q

Examples of TGD impacting unemployment?

A

1929 = 1.9 mil unemployed
1932 = 5.8mil unemployed -> 1/3 of G population
these figures do not take in to account those in part-time work

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6
Q

How did TGD unemployment impact the people?

A
  • their status was often bound in their jobs and incomes, losing this led to feelings of hopelessness
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7
Q

What did people do in order to survive this TGD mass unemployment?

A
  • sold possessions
  • did weird jobs
  • approach the Church for help
  • squat to avoid rent payments
  • kids scavenge and join gangs to get food
  • prostitution, begging, busking
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8
Q

Without US loans, what suffered?

A

industries

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9
Q

By what percent did production fall by 1929-32?

A

40%

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10
Q

By what percent did trade fall by 1929-32? why?

A

50%, the entire foreign market had suffered due to t his crisis

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11
Q

How many business firms closed during TGD? how many banks closed?

A

over 50k business firms

5 banks

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12
Q

By what percent did food prices decrease 1929-32?

A

45%

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13
Q

How did TGD impact agricultural workers?

A
  • people had less money to spend on food

- domestic G goods could not compete with US farms, thus they lost their export market

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14
Q

What did TGD heighten the need for?

A

welfare

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15
Q

During what period had the Weimar welfare system been designed?
how many workers was it designed to cover?
for how long?
what did this mean?

A

the Golden Years
800k for a few months
this meant that the system could not cope with millions being unemployed for numerous years

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16
Q

Why was it difficult for the government to spend money on welfare during TGD?

A

decreased tax revenue

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17
Q

What impact did TGD have on the image of democracy?

A

worsened it - seen as leading to 2 economic catastrophes within a single decade

18
Q

How did Stresemann’s policies impact the G economy?

A
  • slight improvements, ultimate failure
19
Q 
How did Hitler exploit TGD? 
what did he present it as?
what was his supposed solution?
why?
what did this view align with?
A
  • presented as an imbalance of power - GB and US too powerful
  • answer was to claim more last in the East
  • would provide more land and materials
  • Hitler’s social Darwinistic view that strong nations have the right to dominate the weak ones
20
Q

How did TGD cause a rise in communist activity?

A
  • demands rose for a focus on the needs and wellbeing of workers rather than big businesses
  • rent strikes were organised
  • the Red Front defended people from police and bailiffs attempting to seize their property or evict them from their homes
  • threat of revolution rising across G
21
Q

What did the government cut in response to TGD? example?

A

civil service and government wages

1930-32, civil service wages decreased by 20%

22
Q

During TGD, what did Muller refuse to do as chancellor? what did this cause?

A

refused to cut welfare - coalition collapsed

23
Q

What did Bruning force? how?
what did this cause?
what did it protect G from?
what did it help with?

A
  • forced welfare cuts via A48
  • caused huge increase in poverty - ‘Hunger Chancellor’
  • protected G from renewed inflation
  • helped with the long-term aim of entirely cancelling reparations
24
Q

What caused the Hoover Moratorium? when was it?

A
  • G proving its inability to pay reparations

- June 1931

25
Q

How did the Hoover Moratorium benefit G?
but….
why?

A
  • gov had more money to spend ( as it was not being used on reparations)
  • although Bruning refused to spend this money
  • underlying motives to deepen the G economic crisis in order to get reps cancelled all together
  • therefore, despite more money being available, wages went down, and budget cuts increased
26
Q

At what conference were reparations essentially cancelled?

A

The 1932 Lausanne Conference

27
Q

Which chancellors used public works projects?

A
  • started by BRUNING : introduced small canal and road building schemes
  • expanded on by VON PAPEN w/ budget increase
  • continued by VON SCHLEICHER
  • expanded by the Nazis, took credit for successes
28
Q

What was the fund to employ G people on these public works?

A

500mil Reichsmarks

29
Q

How did public works schemes help? but?

A

helpful and provided employment

- but it was too late, faith had already been lost in democracy

30
Q

How did living standards change for the wclass 1918-32?

A

general increase, but hit hard by unemployment

31
Q

During what time period did wclass wages increase? example of wages increasing?

A

1924-29

- in 1932, wages were 30% higher than in 1924

32
Q

What legal changes brought about by the Weimar government were beneficial to the wclass?

A
  • 8hr work days
  • welfarism
  • increased housing income
33
Q

In the best years of Weimar Germany, the wclass have a large share of national income. why?

A
  • NOT BC GOV

- bc of increased union power, and increased SPD influence

34
Q

how did 1918-32 period impact mclass wealth?

A

BADLYYY

  • damaged by hyperinflation
  • ppl with fixed incomes saw no increase
35
Q

how did the 1918-32 period impact mclass leisure time?

A
  • critical of Americanisation eg jazz and cinemas
36
Q

How did the emerging mclass benefit from Weimar economics?

A
  • hyperinflation allowed them to pay off their debts

- they were more accepting of Americanisation

37
Q

By what percentage did lower mclass living standards decline?

A

25%

38
Q

By what percentage did upper mclass living standards decline?

A

60%

39
Q

What did agricultural workers lack in the 1920s?

what sorts of policies negatively impacted them?

A

prosperity
loss of land, blockades
gov tightly regulated prices to ensure needs could be met - price caps meant that limited profit was obtained by farmers for their goods

40
Q

How did inflation benefit farm workers?

A

debts could be paid

during the economic chaos of 1922-24, food becomes more valuable

41
Q

What drove agricultural prices down?

A
  • unemployment

- by 1924, there was a rise in cheap imports from foreign countries

42
Q

Example of agricultural prices declining?

A

1927-1930, agricultural prices decrease by 25%

History ( Germany 1918-1989 ) (1 decks)

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