Weight loss and RED-S

Question 1

Clinically significant weight loss

Answer 1

5% of BW (which reduces cardiovascular and T2D risk factors)

Question 2

To prevent weight gain, how many min/week of MVPA?

Answer 2

150-250 (energy equivalent 1200-2000 kcal/week)

Question 3

How many min/week MVPA for weight loss?

Answer 3

> 250 (dose response relationship)

Question 4

Problems with EX for weight loss

Answer 4

The increases in EE from EX are relatively small, long-term adherence is often poor, and behavioural responses (increasing EI and decreasing other sources of PA) reduce its effectiveness.

Question 5

Model of constrained EE.

Answer 5

When someone increases EEE to lose weight, compensatory decreases in other sources of PA reduce the overall energy deficit.

Question 6

At what %VO2 max does maximal absolute fat oxidation occur?

Answer 6

~65%

Question 7

At what %VO2 max does maximal relative fat oxidation occur?

Answer 7

~25%

Question 8

At what %VO2 max does maximal caloric oxidation occur (as well as max CHO oxidation)?

Answer 8

~85%

Question 9

3 theories around exercise intensity for weight loss

Answer 9

• Maximize fat oxidation
• Maximize total caloric oxidation
• High intensity for increased EPOC and adherence

Question 10

Volume vs intensity for weight loss

Answer 10

Volume has clear associations with greater weight loss. High intensity exercise may provide some benefits to weight loss, but is definitely better for fitness improvement, may benefit adherence in some people, and is safe and effective.

Question 11

RT and weight loss

Answer 11

Not very effective on its own, but may be important to maintain lean mass in some populations (elderly), and using RT in combination with AT may be beneficial.

Question 12

% calories from fat in a low fat diet

Answer 12

<30% (some say 10-15%)

Question 13

Bariatric surgery is available to…

Answer 13

Those with a BMI >40kg/m2 or >35kg/m2 and a major comorbidity (sleep apnea, severe T2D).

Question 14

The 3 most common bariatric surgeries in order

Answer 14

Gastric bypass
Gastric sleeve
Gastric banding

Question 15

3 comorbidities most commonly associated with obesity?

Answer 15

Sleep apnea, hypertension, and T2D

Question 16

5As approach to obesity management

Answer 16

Ask, Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist

Question 17

3 components of the female athlete triad

Answer 17

Eating disorder, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea.

Question 18

What is the underlying factor for RED-S?

Answer 18

Low energy availability for a prolonged period.

Question 19

What percentage of female and male athletes are affected by RED-S?

Answer 19

62% of female and 33% of male athletes

Question 20

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 20

BMI<17.5 or weight less than 85% of expected. Severe fear of weight gain and denial of seriousness of current weight. Amenorrhea is common.

Question 21

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 21

Sessions of uncontrollable binge eating. May occur with or without anorexia nervosa and may include induced vomiting or extreme exercise to prevent weight gain. Must occur twice a week for 3 months.

Question 22

Menarche

Answer 22

First menstrual cycle, usually around 12.5 yrs of age.

Question 23

Eumenorrhea

Answer 23

Normal menstrual cycle at intervals near normal (28, 21-35)

Question 24

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 24

Delayed menstrual cycle at intervals longer than 35 days (3-6 per year)

Question 25

Primary/secondary amenorrhea

Answer 25

Primary - delayed menarche past the age of 15.

Secondary - absence of cycle lasting more then 3 months

Question 26

Osteopenia and osteoporosis

Answer 26

Osteopenia - low BMD with a z score of -1 to -2

Osteoporosis - low BMD with a z score less than -2 and associated risk of fraction.