Weight and balance Flashcards
Aircraft performance affected by weight?
- longer take-off
- longer climb of rate
- slower cruise
- longer landing
- more stress and strain on aircraft
- or more fuel if want to keep the speed
What happen if balance too forward (nose heavy)
- aircraft may not rotate
- longitudinal control … too stable
What happen if balance too far aft
- aircraft may over-control in pitch
- reduced longitudinal stability (hard to control)
why we care about weight and balance
because is illegal to fly an aircraft that is not within limits (air worthiness)
Who is responsible to provide empty weight and center of gravity?
AME
what is empty weight
weight of the aircraft and its balance point without fuel , pax, baggage and crew
loaded weight and balance report
the actual weight of the aircraft and its balance poiny in flight (pilots responsibility)
where to find empty weight and balance report in cars
chapter 571 of Airworthiness manual
whos responsable for have the record of weight and balance updated
owner
when do we need to do a new weight and balance report
after modification or mayor repair that involves a change on the empty weight or center of gravity
AWM 571 App C
what weight and balances includes
all items required by the basis of the aircraft type certification , and all additional items of installed equipment
AWM 571 App C
empty weight is determine by ?
-weighting the plane by scales or load cell min of 3
-Manufacturers can use standard weight with any
optional equipment mathematically added
-AME can calculate the empty weight by using the weight of the equippment added or removed
center of gravity
the point along the an AC logitudinal axis where the weight is considered concentrated
what info we need for to calculate C off G
- datum
- leveling info if weighing
- Arm
what is Datum
imaginary vertical plane from which all are taken and manufactures determine that
where to find Datum
Pilot operating pilot, type certificate data cheet, amm
how you level an aircraft for weighing
follow AMM,POH or Type certificated
why we level an aircraft
because depends is is nose or tail heavy the CG will appear move forward or aft
what is weight
mass of an object
what is datum
arbitrary ref point
what is arm
distance that the weight is away from ref point ( C or G
what is moment
weight multiply by arm
(moment) divided by (weight)
balance point (C G)
if adding floats where can i find how to do it
AMM and Suplemental type certificade (STC)
what is ammendment
when we calculate new wheight and balance due too adding (Floats or skiis)
how you marked the old amendment
(Superseded) along with date and signature
what is an Addendum
different configuration within a weight and balance report
reasons to perform desimetry of check
- any major structural repair
- heavy landing
- extreme turbulance
- overspeeding
- loose or sheared fasteners
- wrinkling or buckling of structural plating
symmetry geometrical planes
longitudinal and lateral
types of NDT testing
- liquid penetrant testing
- electromagnetic testing
- magnetic particle testing
- ultrasound
- eddy current
NDT testing has a discontinuity that is ?
relevant or irrelevant
where the engine should be positioned in its 4 stroke cycle for Magneto test
compression stroke number 1 cylinder 25 degree BTDC
causes for leaks in the cylinder fro a pressure testing
- Cylinder exhaust valve is not seating properly (air from the exhaust pipe)
- Intake valve leaking (if you here air out of the carburetor heat box)
- piston rings are defective(if hear air out of dipstick)
- cylinder crack or defective
