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KNPE 331 > Weeks 7-12 > Flashcards

Weeks 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the right upper abdomen? x7

A

1) Liver
2)Gallbladder
3)Duodenum
4)Head of Pancreas
5)Right kidney and adrenal gland
6)Hepatic flexure of the colon
7)Part of the transverse and ascending colon

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2
Q

What is in the left upper abdomen? x7

A

1)Stomach
2)Spleen
3)Left lobe of liver
4)Left kidney and adrenal gland
5)Splenic flexure of colon.
6)Parts of the transverse and descending colon
7) Body of Pancreas

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3
Q

What is in the right lower abdomen?x4

A

1)Caecum
2)Appendix
3)Right ovary and tube
4)Right ureter

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4
Q

What is in the left lower abdomen? x4

A

1)Part of the descending colon
2)Sigmoid colon
3)Left ovary and tube
4) Left ureter

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5
Q

How to palpate the abdomen?

A

Palpate the 4 quadrants
Start superficial and gradually increase pressure

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6
Q

What are sports hernias (athletic pubalgia)?

A

Fascial weakness in the ab wall, where the abdominals and adductors attach into pubic bone

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7
Q

MOI sports hernias

A

Repetitive strain on the area
-Common in hockey, football, soccer, sprinters/hurdlers, rugby

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8
Q

T of F Sports hernias result in a bulge?

A

F, no protruding intestines like a traditional inguinal hernias but can progress to that

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9
Q

Special test of a sports hernia?

A

Resisted Sit-Up

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10
Q

Acute Management of Sports Hernias? x2

A

PIER
Addutcor Wrap

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11
Q

How long is the treatment time for sports hernias?

A

4-6 Weeks

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12
Q

S&S sports hernia? x4

A

Pain with sitting up
Quick Cutting
Sprinting
Coughing

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13
Q

RTP for Sports hernias?

A

Sequential RTP
(easily re-irritated)

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14
Q

What 6 Visceral structures are potentially affected in sport?

A

Kidney Contusions
Spleen Rupture
Lungs
Bladder Rupture
Testicular Contusions
Heart

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15
Q

Visceral stricture potentially affected in sports if mono?

A

Spleen Rupture

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16
Q

Visceral stricture potentially affected in sports if pneumothorax?

A

Lungs

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17
Q

Visceral stricture potentially affected in sports if bladder is full and stiff?

A

Bladder rupture (recommend empty bladder before sports)

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18
Q

Visceral stricture potentially affected in sports that need to stop spasm and control haemorrhage?

A

Testicular contusions

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19
Q

Abdominal Injuries MOI

A

Direct blow, fall from height

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20
Q

S&S ab injuries? x4

A

Pain
Rigidity in Abdomen
Feeling Unwell
Shock

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21
Q

What is the cullen sign?

A

Umbilicus discolouration sign of internal hemmorhage

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22
Q

What is the grey turner sign?

A

Flank Discolouration sign of internal haemorrhage

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23
Q

What are the two signs of internal hemorrhage?

A

1)Cullen Sign
2)Grey Sign

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24
Q

Acute management of ab injuries? x5

A

1)Quadrant Palpation
2)Call 911
3)Rest comfortably (don’t move em)
4)Treat for shock
5)Reassure

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25
Q

Kidney injuries MOI

A

Blow to back

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26
Q

S&S kidney injuries x4

A

Pain in low back
Peeing Blood
Feeling Unwell
Shock

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27
Q

What to do if suspected kidney injury?

A

Refer

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28
Q

What are the two cases of sudden death in athletes?

A

Usually due to cardiac disease
1)Congenital abnormalities of coronary arteries
2)Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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29
Q

What is Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

The genetic condition causes thickening of the heart muscle
-Altered rhythm= reduced/blocked blood flow

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30
Q

Warning signs of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy x5

A

1)Fainting or seizure
2)Dizziness or light-headedness
3)Chest pain (even at rest)
4)Palpitations - quick/fluttering/irregular/pounding heart beats
5)Shortness of breath

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31
Q

What are palpitations?

A

quick/fluttering/irregular/pounding heart beats

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32
Q

What are the 3 emerging causes of acquired heart disease in young athletes?

A

1)Anabolic steroids
2)Peptide hormones
3)Stimulants

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33
Q

AKA for blow to solar plexus?

A

Wind knocked out of you

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34
Q

What is a solar plexus?

A

Spasm of diaphragm muscle

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35
Q

MOI of solar plexus? x2

A

Blow to abdomen or chest
Fall on buttocks or back

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36
Q

S&S of solar plexus? x3

A

Pain
Difficulty Breathing
Panicky

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37
Q

Acute Management of solar plexus x3

A

Bring athletes knees gently towards chest
Guiding Breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing

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38
Q

When to RTP of solar plexus?

A

Able to RTP once symptoms resolve (pending no other injury)

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39
Q

MOI of Facet Joint Sprains?

A

Forced rotation
-Common in contact sports (Unexpected hit)

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40
Q

S&S facet joint sprains

A

Hear/feel pop
Sharp localized pain
Pain with motions that OPEN joint
Muscle Guarding

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41
Q

What part of the spine is most often prone to facet joint sprains?

A

Common is c-spine due to large ROM
-Ligaments taken beyond available length

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42
Q

Special test for facet joint sprains?

A

Quadrant test (+ if pain of OPPOSITE side)
Can be done L/S and C/S

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43
Q

Acute Management of facet joint sprains x2

A

PIER
Refer

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44
Q

What is facet joint effusion?

A

Irritation of the facet joint (inflammation)

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45
Q

MOI of facet joint effusion? x6

A

A sudden episode of extreme ROM
May have felt a click or sharp pain
Localized Pain
Spasm around the inflamed joint
Nerve root can become irritated
CLOSING joint = Pain

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46
Q

Special test Face Joint Effusion?

A

Quadrant Test (+ if pain on SAME side)

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47
Q

Acute management of facet joint effusion? x2

A

PIER
Refer

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48
Q

MOI Disc protusions

A

Acute or Chronic compression through disc, often in a flexed position

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49
Q

Disc Protrusions result

A

A bulge in the disc (usually posterolateral) resulting in changes to myotomes and dermatomes

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50
Q

S&S Disc Protusions? x3

A

Pain with repeat forward bending (for posterior protrusion)

Relief with extension

Pain with cough/sneeze

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51
Q

Treatment for disc protrusion?

A

Refer for conservative treatment

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52
Q

What are deratomes?

A

Sensory areas of the skin that are innervated by specific nerve roots (afferent nerve fibres)

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53
Q

Sensations of dermatomes?

A

Pain
Tingling
Numbness
Pressure

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54
Q

What is the special tests for dermatomes?

A

Myotome Testing (cervical Root and lumbosacral)

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55
Q

How is myotome testing done?

A

Resisted tests are performed 5x bilaterally (look for weakness)

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56
Q

Myotome Testing C1 Resisted Motion

A

Cervical Flexion

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57
Q

Myotome Testing C2 Resisted Motion

A

Cervical Rotation

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58
Q

Myotome Testing C3 Resisted Motion

A

Cervical Side Bending

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59
Q

Myotome Testing C4 Resisted Motion

A

Shoulder Elevation (Shrug)

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60
Q

Myotome Testing C5 Resisted Motion

A

Shoulder Abduction

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61
Q

Myotome Testing C6 Resisted Motion

A

Elbow Flexion

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62
Q

Myotome Testing C7 Resisted Motion

A

Elbow Extension

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63
Q

Myotome Testing C8 Resisted Motion

A

Thumb Extension

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64
Q

Myotome Testing T1 Resisted Motion

A

Hand Intrinsics (Spread fingers)

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65
Q

Myotome Testing L1,L2 Resisted Motion

A

Hip Flexion (in high sitting)

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66
Q

Myotome Testing L3 Resisted Motion

A

Knee Extension

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67
Q

Myotome Testing L4 Resisted Motion

A

Foot Dorsiflexion and inversion

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68
Q

Myotome Testing L5 Resisted Motion

A

Hallux Extension

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69
Q

Myotome Testing S1,S2 Resisted Motion

A

Plantarflexion in standing (Toe Raises)

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70
Q

Myotome Testing S1 Resisted Motion

A

Knee Flexion

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71
Q

Myotome Testing S2 Resisted Motion

A

Hallux Flexion

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72
Q

What reflexes will be dampened if pressure is on these nerve roots? x5

A

C5- Biceps
C6- Brachioradialis
C7- Triceps
L3,L4- Patellar Tendon
S1- Achilles Tendon

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73
Q

If pressure of L3, and L4 what happens

A

Patellar tendon reflex dampened
-Quads contract, hamstring inhibited

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74
Q

If pressure of C5 what happens

A

Biceps reflexes dampened

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75
Q

If pressure of C6 what happens?

A

Brachioradialis reflex dampened

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76
Q

If pressure of C7 what happens?

A

Triceps reflex dampened

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77
Q

If pressure of S1 what happens?

A

Achilles tendon reflect dampened

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78
Q

Muscle strains of neck and back MOI? x3

A

Overstretch or eccentric load
Rotation at high velocity
May have an external force

(Tennis, Golf, Baseball)

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79
Q

S&S Muscle strains of Neck and Back x4

A

Abrupt pull
Pain
Protective Spasm
Divot (large strains)

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80
Q

T or F even small strain can become limiting d/t stability role for muscle strains of neck and back

A

T

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81
Q

Acute Management of Muscle Strains of Neck and Back? x2

A

PIER but never to ant. neck d/t major vessels
Altered Activity

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82
Q

Rib and Scapula Fractures MOI? x2

A

Direct blow
Compression (ribs)

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83
Q

Rib fracture S&S x3

A

Pain with deep breath (shallow breathing)
Pain with Compression
TOP area of fracture

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84
Q

S&S Scapular Fracture x2

A

TOP
Pain with movement of shoulder

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85
Q

Acute management of rib and scapula fracture? x3

A

Stabilize the segments with padding and tensor (if tolerated)

Tube sling for scap fracture

Send for imaging

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86
Q

What are the 4 spondy’s of spine?

A

1)Pars Interarticularis
2)Spondylolysis
3)Spondylosisthesis
4)Spondylitis

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87
Q

What is spondyloysis?

A

Stress fracture in the Pars Interarticularis

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88
Q

What is spondyloslisthesis?

A

Stress fracture and sliding of vertebra

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89
Q

What is spondylitis?

A

Inflammation of the vertebra that could lead to fusion

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90
Q

What classification is used for scap fractures?

A

Ideberg Classification
1A,1b, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6

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91
Q

MOI of a spinal fracture? x2

A

Axial Load
Compression through spine

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92
Q

S&S spinal fractures x5

A

Central Pain
Tingling
Numbness
Unwillingness to move
Spasm

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93
Q

What can occur with spinal fractures if displacement of segment put pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots?

A

Paralysis

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94
Q

C-Spine Paralysis

A

Quadrapaligia

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95
Q

T-Spine, L-Spine Paralysis

A

Quadripelgia

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96
Q

Acute Management of spine fracture x2?

A

Stabilize
Call 911

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97
Q

What is the special test used for spondylolysis or spindylothesis?

A

Stork Stance

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98
Q

Positive Test Stork Stance?

A

Pain localized to the affected segment
(+ test with with history of repeat backbending)

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99
Q

What is a hip pointer injury?

A

Contusion of iliac crest (periosteum has lots of sensory nerves)

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100
Q

MOI Hip Pointer

A

Blunt trauma to iliac crest

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101
Q

S&S Hip Pointer x3

A

Pain (often severe) with trunk flexion, rotation, side bending or hip flexion

Bruising and swelling over iliac crest

Muscle spasm of Surrounding muscle

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102
Q

Other structures that may be affected by hip pointer other than iliac crest? x2

A

External Obliques
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

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103
Q

External Obliques and Hip Pointer S&S x2

A

Athletes often report pain with forced exhalation
Pain with bowel movements

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104
Q

Acute Management of Hip Pointer x2

A

PIER (with pressure pad if tolerated, sometimes can’t tolerate NOT having one)

Lymph Drainage to settle spasm

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105
Q

RTP for Hip Pointer

A

Donut pad with cover for RTP
Hip flexor wrap if hip flexion affected

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106
Q

MOI Acetabular Labral Tears x2

A

Acute plant and twist or hyperabduction (splits)
Overuse degeneration

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107
Q

S&S of Acetabular Labral Tears x4

A

Pain
Clicking/Catching in hip or groin
Decreased hip ROM
Audible pop/sensation at time of injury

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108
Q

A common description of pain for Acetabular Labral Tears?

A

C-Sign

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109
Q

Special Test for Acetabular Labral Tears?

A

Scouring Test

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110
Q

Acute management of Acetabular Labral Tears? x3

A

Ice
Rest
Pain Management

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111
Q

Other management of Acetabular Labral Tears? x3

A

correct mechanics (stable base –> Core and hip stability)

Proprioception

Surgery if conservative treatment to reduce pain and increase mobility isnt effective

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112
Q

Why is the scouring test useful? x2

A

Highly sensitive
Good indicator of pathology in the joint iteself

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113
Q

Why may the scouring test be bad?

A

Lacks Specificity

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114
Q

What does the scouring test use for? x7

A

1)Hip Labrum Tears
2)Capsulitis
3)Osteochondral defects
4)Acetabular defects
5)Osteoarthritis
6)Avascular Necrosis
7)Femoral Acetabular impingement syndrome

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115
Q

What is Femoral Acetabular impingement syndrome?

A

Irregular shape of one or both joint surfaces leading to labrum/cartilage tears

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116
Q

What is Avascular Necrosis?

A

Bone death from decreased blood supply

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117
Q

What is Osteochondral defects?

A

Bone and Cartilage

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118
Q

What is Capsulitis?

A

Inflamm of capsule leading to scar tissue

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119
Q

MOI ITB Friction Syndome

A

ITB friction over lat femoral condyle 2 degrees to biomech causes overuse condition from friction over lateral femoral condyle

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120
Q

ITB Friction Syndrome common in what sports?

A

Common in sports with continuous knee flex and ext like running or cycling

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121
Q

Common factors of ITB friction syndrome? x3

A

Glute med weakness
Camber of the road
Winter boots/walking in snow

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122
Q

What to assess for ITB friction syndrome?

A

Biomech assessment (check type of footwear and wear patterns)

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123
Q

What test for ITB Friction Syndrome

A

Thomas Test

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124
Q

Hip Flexor Tendonitis MOI x2

A

Overuse
Repetitive Flexion

Cyclists, Runner, Dancers, Gymnasts

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125
Q

S&S Hip Flexor Tendonitis x3

A

1)Pain with active and resisted hip flexion
2)Stretch Pain with passive hip extension
3)TOP affected Tendon

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126
Q

Hip Flexor Tendonitis acute management? x3

A

ICe
Rest/Altered Activity
Hip Flexor Wrap

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127
Q

Hip Flexor Strain MOI x2

A

Forceful hip flexion
Leg caught in hip extension

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128
Q

Quad Strain MOI x2

A

Forceful quad contraction
Hip Extension with knee flexion

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129
Q

Hamstring strain MOI?

A

Excessive Hip Flexion with extended knee

In Sprinting - Eccentric hams contraction in late stance phase

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130
Q

Adductors strain MOI x2

A

Quick Cutting (overstretched with forceful contraction)

Split type motion (Contact, slippery surface)

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131
Q

S&S strains of hip and thigh x3

A

Pull or Pop sensation
Weakness (Gr 2&3)
Bruising due to high blood supply (Gr 2&3)

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132
Q

Acute Management of strains of the hip and thigh x3

A

PIER (pressure pad with wrap over affected tissues)

NWB (crutches) if unable to walk normally

Educate

Effleurage/lymph drainage

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133
Q

RTP for strains of hip and thigh?

A

Hip flexor wrap or adductor wrap for daily use as needed and RTP

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134
Q

Why is education important for strains of hip and thigh?

A

Easily re-injured
(need to clearly communicate sequential steps to recovery)

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135
Q

MOI Thigh Contusions?

A

Blunt Trauma

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136
Q

S&S Thigh Contusions

A

Discolouration
Muscle weakness possible

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137
Q

Thigh Contusions at risk for

A

Myositis Ossificans

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138
Q

Treatment for Thigh Contusions

A

Need to care to prevent secondary complications

Effleurage or lymph drainage

Ice

No Deep tissue Massage

Protective padding - Donut pad with cover pad

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139
Q

RTP for Thigh Contusions? x4

A

Ensure 80% strength
FROM
Able to do demands of sports without compensation
-Risk of more severe injury, knee ligs depend of dynamic protections

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140
Q

MOI Injuries to ant. neck

A

Blunt force to ant, neck/throat by stick, puck, ball, opponent

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141
Q

S&S ant. neck injuries?

A

Pressure, difficulty swallowing “feels thick”, difficulty breathing, panicky

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142
Q

What fracture is common in a injury to ant. neck?

A

Larynx Fracture

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143
Q

Major Bleeds to Neck MOI x3

A

Skate, Stick, Contact with Boards
-Laceration of Carotid Artery
-Jugular Vein
-Subclavian Vein

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144
Q

Acute Management of Major Bleeds to Neck?x3

A

1)Pressure
2)Rapid Call to EMS
3)Treat for shock

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145
Q

As a AT what do you need to do to check for neck injuries?

A

Find out policies for neck guards for leagues you’re working with

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146
Q

What are the 6 facial injuries?

A

1)Eye-pole injuries
2)Fractures
3)Auricular Hematomas
4)Lacerations
5)TMJ conditions
6)Dental Injuries

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147
Q

Eye-Poke Injuries often result in x2?

A

1)Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
2)Corneal Abrasion

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148
Q

What is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage?

A

Bright red bleeding/spot on white of eye from broken blood vessel

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149
Q

What is a corneal abrasion?

A

Scratch on surface of eye

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150
Q

S&S Eye-Poke Injuries

A

Mild Discomfort
Irritation

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151
Q

Acute Management of Eye-Poke Injuries?

A

Cold Compress
Eye Exam Refer

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152
Q

What are the symptoms of eye exam referral for eye-poke injuries? x5

A

Visions Changes
Shadows
Floaters
Pressure
Pain

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153
Q

Visions Changes, Shadows, Floaters, Pressure, Pain may be due to which eye inuries? x2

A

Retinal Tears/Detachment
Deeper damage to eye and vessels

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154
Q

Facial Fracture MOI?

A

Direct trauma via opponent, puck, ball

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155
Q

What are the common face fractures? x3

A

1)Unilateral zygomatic-maxillary-orbital
2)Isolated Mandibular
3)Nasal

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156
Q

S&S Facial Fractures? x5

A

TOP Fracture Site
Raccoon Eyes
Swelling
Divots
Deformities

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157
Q

Acute Management of Facial Fractures x2

A

PIER if tolerated
Refer

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158
Q

Auricular Hematoma MOI

A

Blunt Trauma, Repetitive Friction resulting contusion to ear

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159
Q

S&S Auricular Hematoma

A

Pain
Swelling
Bruising
Pressue

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160
Q

Why is there increased pressure for a Auricular Hematoma?

A

Blood accumulates btwn connective tissue and cartilage of ear

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161
Q

Is necrosis a possible result of an Auricular Hematoma?

A

Yes, necrosis of the cartilage is possible due to bl supply being cut off

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162
Q

What is cauliflower ear?

A

If auricular hematoma is not drained, cartilage can become deformed

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163
Q

Acute management Auricular Hematoma? x2

A

PIER
Add pressure by: packing ear with folded gauze to prevent fluid accumulation, magnets

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164
Q

Facial Lacerations MOI?

A

Blunt Trauma
Sharp Object

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165
Q

T or F Lacerations to Face have lots of bleeding and tend to “open up”

A

T

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166
Q

Acute Care of Facial Lacerations x2?

A

Pressure
Steri-Strips
(Refer for stitches)

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167
Q

TMJ Injury MOI

A

Direct trauma to mandible
Cumulative Repeat Impacts

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168
Q

TMJ Conditions/Injuries x6

A

1)Dislocations
2)Sprains
3)Articular Disc Injuries
4)Clicking/altered joint mechanics
5)Headaches
6)Muscle Tension/Strains

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169
Q

Dental Injuries MOI

A

Direct Blow

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170
Q

4 Common Dental Injuries

A

1) Tooth (crown) Fractures
2)Tooth Intrusion (Tooth into bone)
3)Tooth Extrusion (Tooth out of bone)
4)Tooth Avulsion (Removal of tooth from socket)

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171
Q

Acute Management of Dental Injuries? x7

A

1)Ensure broken teeth removed from mouth
2)Rule out concussion
3)C-Spine
4)Refer to Dentists
5)ER
6)Gauze to control Bleeding
7)Numbing agent

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172
Q

Prevention of Dental Injuries

A

Mouthguards

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173
Q

What type of joint is a TMJ

A

Hinge Joint

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174
Q

What are 3 causes of headaches?

A

1)Dehydration (90%)
2)Cervicogenic
3)Concussion

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175
Q

What are cervicogenic causes of headaches?

A

1)Muscle Tension: Referred Pain Patterns
2)Joint Dysfunction

176
Q

MOI Concussions/mTBI

A

Direct blow or indirect (land on bum, whiplash)

177
Q

What type of injury are concussions?

A

Functional Injury

178
Q

What is the result of a concussion?

A

A transient change in neurological function
-Stretch and Shearing of Axons
-Stretch, ion exchange, depolarization of action potentials (results in electrical storm)

179
Q

Concussions signs x4

A

1)Vomiting
2)Disorientation/confusion
3)Memory Loss
4)Loss of consciousness

180
Q

Symptoms of concussions x8

A

1)Headache, pressure, migraines
2)Cognitive Changes
3) Vestibular system changes
4)Nausea
5)Fatigue
6)Fogginess, detached from self
7)Mood Changes
8)C-Spine injuries

181
Q

T or F C-spine injuries are often missed in concussions?

A

True, need to be ruled out

182
Q

Cognitive Changes of concussions x2

A

Decreased focus and though processing

Difficulty following instructions or directions

183
Q

Vestibular changes due to concussions? x3

A

-Dizziness
-Motion Sensitivity
-Decreased balance and Coordination

184
Q

What causes nausea in concussions? x2

A

Vestibular Dysfunction
Migraines

185
Q

What are the 3 things included in assessing concussion

A

1)Interviews
2)Physical Injuries
3)Testing

186
Q

What are the 2 common concussion testing tools?

A

1)SCAT-6
2)ImPACT Testing (Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing)

187
Q

What age is the standard SCAT-6 Done?

A

13

188
Q

What are the 5 components of the immediate assessment/neuro scan (on-field or 1st identifed) of SCAT-6?

A

1)Observable Signs
2)Glasgow Coma Scale (LOC)
3)Cervical Spine Assessment
4)Coordination and Ocular/Motor Screen
5)Memory Assessment Maddocks Questions (Cognitive)

189
Q

6 Components of SCAT-6 off-field assessment?

A

1)Athlete Background (Head History)
2)Symptom evaluation
3)Cognitive Screening (orientation, immediate memory, concentration)
4)Coordination and Balance Examination
5)Delayed Recall
6)Decision

190
Q

T or F timeframes vary as to what is considered post-concussion syndrome?

A

T
3 month
4 weeks
7-10 days

191
Q

Complete concussions approach suggests how many days for post-concussion syndrome for proactive treatment?

A

7-10 days

192
Q

T or F complete rest with no stimulation is no longer the recommendation for concussion rehabilitaions

A

t

193
Q

What are the best ways to rehabilitate concussions? x2

A

1)Find the system that is exacerbating symptoms

2)Focuses of establishing functional neural pathways in the brain to support complete recovery

194
Q

What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

A

Progressive degenerative brain disorder caused by repeat head injury

195
Q

S&S CTE? x8

A

1)Memory Loss
2)Confusion
3)Headaches
4)Irritable Mood
5)Aggression
6)Depression
7)Slurred Speech
8)Unsteady/altered motor control

196
Q

What are the 4 things for concussion injury prevention?

A

1)Mouthguards
2)Proper fitting helmet
3)Safe Techniques
4)Concussion Education

197
Q

What 4 things are important with concussion education?

A

1)Early ID
2)No RTP with even 1 symptom
3)Safe and Progressive RTP
4)Most at risk of injury immediately post-concussion

198
Q

when are people with concussions most at risk?

A

Most at risk of injury immediately post-concussion

199
Q

What is a Dislocation of GH joint?

A

Head of humerus translates completely out of glenoid

200
Q

What is a Subluxation of GH joint?

A

A partial or incomplete dislocation of the GH joint

201
Q

What is the most common shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

202
Q

What is the most rare shoulder dislocation?

A

Inferior

203
Q

What are the 3 types of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior

204
Q

What is the special test for anterior GH dislocation?

A

Apprehension Test

205
Q

What does SLAP lesion/tears mean?

A

Superior
Labrum
Anterior
Posterior

206
Q

How many types of SLAP lesions/tears?

A

4 types
1,2,3,4

207
Q

What are SLAP lesions and Tears?

A

Injury to the superior aspect of labrum from ant to post
-Biceps tendon can also be injured

208
Q

SLAP Lesions MOI x4

A

-Repetitive overhead movements
-FOOSH (Fall On Out Stretched Hand
-Sudden Traction to the arm
-Dislocation of GH

209
Q

S&S SLAP Lesions? x5

A

-Clicking/Catching/Popping
-Pain moving arm overhead
-Pain lifting heavy objects
-Pain Deep in Joint or in Back of Joint
-Anterior Should Pain if biceps involved

210
Q

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

A injury to the anterior-inferior glenoid labrum

211
Q

What injury is secondary to anterior dislocation?

A

Bankart lesion

212
Q

S&S Bankart Lesion? x3

A

1)Pain and Limited ROM with most shoulder movements
2)Clicking, Catching, Grinding,
3)Subluxation

213
Q

What is a Hill-Sachs Lesion? x2

A

A divot-type fracture of the head of humerus following a dislocation

Head pf humerus gets compressed against the rim of the glenoid

214
Q

What are the 3 rotator cuff injuries?

A

1)Impingement
2)Tendonitis/osis
3)Rotator Cuff Tears

215
Q

T or F Rotator cuff injuries only occur independently?

A

F, One can lead to the next, or they can happen independently.

216
Q

Impingement Rotator Cuff Injury MOI?

A

Overuse, Poor Mechanics

217
Q

Tendonitis/osis rotator cuff injury MOI?

A

Overuse, Poor Mechanics

218
Q

Rotator Cuff Tears MOI?

A

Acute or Overuse

219
Q

MOI Acromioclavicular (AC) sprains? x3

A

1)FOOSH (Fall on outstretched hand)
2)Fall/Tackle: Landing of side of shoulder
3)Checked into boards

220
Q

S&S Acromioclavicular (AC) sprains? x4

A

1)Pain
2)Step Deformity at AC
3)Weakness in shoulder/arm
4)Athlete often supporting arm against body

221
Q

Acute Management of Acromioclavicular (AC) sprains? x4

A

PIER
Sling
Swath
Severe Deformities need to be referred

222
Q

How to treat Acromioclavicular (AC) sprains?

A

AC tape job to support healing and decrease pain

223
Q

What is the Rockwood Classification of AC injuries?

A

Indicates which ligaments affected (AC and CC) and clavicle displacement position
6 types

224
Q

Type 1 Rockwood Classification Pathology?

A

Pathology: Sprained AC Ligaments and Normal CC ligaments

225
Q

Type 1 Rockwood Classification Examination?

A

Pain and Swelling of the AC joint without visible deformity

226
Q

Type 2 Rockwood Classification Pathology?

A

Disruption of the AC ligaments
Sprained CC Ligaments

227
Q

Type 2 Rockwood Classification Examination?

A

Distal Clavicle is unstable to horizontal stress
Pain over the CC interspace

228
Q

Type 3 Rockwood Classification Pathology?

A

Disruption of the AC and CC ligaments

229
Q

Type 3 Rockwood Classification Examination?

A

Distal Clavicle is unstable to horizontal and verticle stress; reducible

230
Q

Type 4 Rockwood Classification Pathology?

A

Posterior displacement into or through the trapezius muscle

231
Q

Type 4 Rockwood Classification examination?

A

Not Reducible

232
Q

Type 5 Rockwood Classification pathology?

A

Rupture of the deltiotrapezial fascia

233
Q

Type 5 Rockwood Classification examination?

A

Clavicale palpable subcutaneously
Not Reducible

234
Q

Type 6 Rockwood Classification Pathology?

A

Inferior displacement of the distal clavicle under the conjoined tendon

235
Q

Type 6 Rockwood Classification examination?

A

Associated with rib fractures and neurovascular injury

236
Q

MOI Ant. Shoulder Dislocation x3

A

90 degrees abduction
90 degrees elbow flexion
External Rotation

237
Q

S&S Shoulder Dislocation x4

A

Shock
Pop
Uneven Shoulder/deformities
Unwilling to move/pain

238
Q

Acute Care Shoulder Dislocation x6

A

Sling (if Ant. or position works otherwise stabilize in position)
Treat Shock
Swath
Brachial Plexus
Call EMS
PIER

239
Q

Do we reduce joints?

A

No, even though may help

240
Q

Treatment of Ant. Shoulder Dislocation?

A

Improve ROM
Strengthen
Slings
Surgical
Accessory movements (roll, spin and glide)
Decrease Inflammation
Decrease secondary complications
Sports specific rehab
INCREASED PROPRIOCEPTION
Stability

241
Q

MOI Post. Shoulder Dislocations?

A

FOOSH

242
Q

T or F Slings can be used for all shoulder disolcations?

A

No, depends on the natural position it occurs in, may have to stabilize how you find the,

243
Q

MOI inferior shoulder dislocation?

A

Abduction or Flexion

244
Q

Treatment of Acute Shoulder injuries? x3

A

1)PIER sling for support

2)Once diagnosed, AC tape job to help approximate joint/any remaining ligaments to support healing

3)Rehab to promote tissue healing and regain mobility and stability

245
Q

What is the AC tape job used for?

A

AC tape job to help approximate joint/any remaining ligaments to support healing

246
Q

What does AC stand for?

A

Acromioclavicular

247
Q

What does CC stand for?

A

Coracoclavicualr

248
Q

When is surgery considered for Acute Shoulder injuries?

A

1)Middle Third Clavicle Fractures
2)Type 3 AC Sprains in Active People
3)Type 4, 5 and 6 AC Sprains
4) First-time GH dislocation in young athletes
5)Full-thickness rotator cuff tears
6)Displaced or unstable proximal humerus fractures
7)Urgent surgical referral for posterior sternoclavicular dislocations

249
Q

Why is a posterior SC dislocation a concern?

A

Many structures that could be effected
-Stabilize right away and send

250
Q

What is the common name for subacromial impingement syndrome?

A

Shoulder Impingement

251
Q

Shoulder Impingement MOI x2

A

Overuse
Biomechanics Imbalances

252
Q

What occurs in a Shoulder Impingement?

A

Pinching and subsequent inflammation of structures under the coracoacromial ligament

253
Q

What may be affected by a Shoulder Impingement? x3

A

1)Supraspinatus Tendon
2)Long head of biceps tendon
3)Subacromial Bursa

254
Q

S&S Shoulder Impingement? x4

A

1)Pain and Weakness in the painful arc of abduction (Reaching, especially with weight away from body)

2)Catching/Clicking

3)Pain with sleeping of affected side

4)Pain putting jackets and sweaters on

255
Q

Referred Pain pattern for Shoulder Impingement?

A

Reported in supraspinatus pattern down middle deltoid

255
Q

Special Test Shoulder Impingement?

A

Painful Arc
Positive Test: Pain during GH abduction btwn 60-120 (pain clears beyond 120)

256
Q

Referred Pain Patterns infraspinatus and supraspinatus?

A

Lateral Arm Pain

257
Q

WHo is most at risk for Shoulder Impingement? x2

A

Swimmers
Overhead athletes (tennis, pitchers, quaterbacks)

258
Q

Humerus Fractures MOI?

A

High-energy direct blow

259
Q

S&S Humerus Fractures?

A

Pain, Swelling, Bruising
Unable to move arm of grinding when they do

260
Q

Where is the most common fracture site on the humerus?

A

Surgical Neck

261
Q

What approx amount of humerus fractures are non-displaced?

A

80% (Non-surgical)

262
Q

Acute Management of Humerus Fractures? x5

A

PIER
Sling
Treat for Shock
Send to emerge if Stable
Call EMS

263
Q

Management of Humerus Fractures? x3

A

Sling
Pain Management
Start Treatment Early to avoid frozen shoudler

264
Q

Scapula Fractures MOI? x2

A

High energy blunt trauma
Fall from height

265
Q

S&S Scapula Fractures?

A

Extreme Pain with Arm Movements
Localized Swelling
Brusing/trauma to the area

266
Q

Management of Scapula Fractures?

A

Sling

267
Q

T or F Scapula Fractures are most likely surgical?

A

F non surgical

268
Q

Surgery indications for Scapula Fractures x3?

A

1)Displaced fractures of the glenoid
2)Displaced fracture at neck of scapula
3)Acromion Fractures causes impingement

269
Q

MOI Clavicle Fracture x3

A

Force to Lateral Shoulder
FOOSH (less common)
Direct Trauma

270
Q

S&S Clavicle Fracture? x3

A

Severe pain and swelling over site
Deformity
Unwillingness to move arm

271
Q

Acute Management of Clavicle Fracture?

A

Tube Sling (avoid pressure to clavicle)
PIER

272
Q

Treatment of Clavicle Fracture x4?

A

1)PIER

2)Sling or figure 8 brace (uncomfy)

3)Pain Management

4)Alleviate Assoc. Spasm

273
Q

What anatomy that needs to be considered for shoulder girdle?

A

3 Joints
Muscles spanning multiple joints

274
Q

Important considerations for treating the shoulder girdle? x4

A

1)Thoracic Spine Mobility
2)Scapular Mobility
3)Scapular Stability
4)Upper limb proprioception

275
Q

What are the 4 parts of the rotator cuff?

A

1)Supraspinatus
2)Infraspinatus
3)Teres Minor
4)Subscapularis

276
Q

Why is the rotator cuff important to the shoulder?

A

The major dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder

277
Q

ROM of GH Joint x9

A

Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
Extension
Internal Rotation (0 and 90 abd)
External Rotation (0 and 90 abd)
Horizontal Adduction (cross-flexion)
Horizontal Abduction (Cross-extenstion)
Accessory Movement

278
Q

What are the 3 Joints of the Elbow

A

1)Ulnohumeral Joint
2)Radiohumeral Joint
3)Proximal Radioulnar Joint

279
Q

What position should be notes in the olecranon fossa of humerus?

A

Olecranon (ulna)

280
Q

What is the TFCC (Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex) a major stabilizer of x2:

A

Ulnocarpal Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint

281
Q

Where should the ulnar nerve be noted?

A

Elbow and Wrist

282
Q

Where should the median nerve be noted?

A

Median nerve under flexor retinaculum

283
Q

What should be noted by elbow flexors?

A

LH of biceps brachii also does shoulder flexion

284
Q

ROM of Elbow x4

A

Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination

285
Q

ROM of Wrist x4

A

Flexion
Extension
Radial Deviation
Ulnar Deviation

286
Q

Digits ROM x5

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
1-5 Opposition/Reposition

287
Q

AKA Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

Tennis Elbow

288
Q

MOI Lateral Epicondylitis/Tennis Elbow

A

Overuse of forearm extensors

289
Q

T or F accesory movements are required for full ROM?

A

True

290
Q

What are the most common extensors affected in Lateral Epicondylitis/Tennis Elbow? x2

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

291
Q

S&S Lateral Epicondylitis/Tennis Elbow? x2

A

1)TOP common extensor origin (Lateral epicondyle)
2)Pain and Weakness with wrist extension

292
Q

Acute Management of Lateral Epicondylitis/Tennis Elbow?

A

Stretch Wrist Extensors in elbow flexion and extension

PIER

Tennis Elbow Brace if Itis

Altered Activity

293
Q

T or F R in PIER can mean altered activity?

A

True

294
Q

Medial Epicondylitis AKA

A

Golfers Elbow

295
Q

MOI Medial Epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow

A

Overuse of wrist flexors

296
Q

Most common flexors affected in Medial Epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow x2

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
Pronator Teres (PT)

297
Q

S&S Medial Epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow

A

TOP common flexor origin (medial epicondyle)
Pain and Weakness with wrist flexion

298
Q

Acute Care of Medial Epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow

A

Stretch Forearm Flexors
PIER

299
Q

MOI Ruptured Biceps?

A

Sudden lengthening of contracting muscle (eccentric)
(Sudden load when lifting or catching heavy load)

300
Q

Which is the most common ruptured biceps tendon?

A

Distal Biceps Tendon

301
Q

S&S Ruptured Biceps x4

A

1)Popeye Muscles/Muscles balled up.
2) Bruising
3)Pain Near insertion of biceps into radial tuberosity
4)Pain and Weakness with elbow flexion and supination

302
Q

T or F complete ruptured biceps might be painless?

A

T

303
Q

Acute Management of Ruptured Biceps? x4

A

PIER
Pressure pad to approximate any remaining fibres
Shorten biceps in sling to remove tension
Surgical Repair

304
Q

MOI DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis x2

A

Overuse of thumb due to gripping/wringing

Inflammation of tendons and sheath around thumb

305
Q

S&S DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis

A

Pain over Tendons of Thumb
Weakness with Thumb abduction or extension
Pain with Gripping

306
Q

DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis common in what sport?

A

Golf

307
Q

Special Test for DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis?

A

Finkelstein Test

308
Q

Acute Management of DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis

A

PIER
Thum spica brace

309
Q

What occurs if DeQuervain’s Syndrome Tenosynovitis is left untreated?

A

Can progress to thickening/scarring and reduced ROM

310
Q

MOI Elbow Hyperextension Injuries

A

FOOSH via landing on extended elbow sometimes with added external force

311
Q

S&S Elbow Hyperextension Injuries?

A

Anterior elbow pain and swelling from ligament/capsule sprain and/or muscle strain

Posterior Elbow pain from osteochondral lesion (olecranon in olecranon fossa of ulnohumeral joint)

312
Q

What fracture must be ruled out with Elbow Hyperextension Injuries?

A

Olecranon Fracture (may see a deformity)

313
Q

Acute Management of Elbow Hyperextension Injuries?

A

PIER
Shorten Injured Tissues (elbow flexion) = Sling
Tape Job for Elbow Hyperextension

314
Q

MOI Ulna Collateral Ligament Sprains of Elbow

A

FOOSH
Overuse by repeat valgus force on the elbow

315
Q

S&S Ulna Collateral Ligament Sprains of Elbow

A

-Pain and Laxity (instability) in medial elbow joint
-Ulnar Nerve Symptoms

316
Q

What is Tommy John Surgery and what is it used for?

A

-Ulna Collateral Ligament Sprains of Elbow
Reconstructs UCL using a graft tendon-palmaris longus, semitendinosus or gracilis

317
Q

MOI Collateral Ligament Sprains of the Wrist?

A

FOOSH, forced forearm rotation

UCL: Valgus Force
RCL: Varus Force

318
Q

MOI ligament sprain of UCL

A

Valgus Force

319
Q

MOI ligament sprain of RCL

A

Varus Force

320
Q

S&S Collateral Ligament Sprains of Wrist?

A

Pain
Swelling and Instability of Medial (UCL) or Lateral Aspect (RCL) of Wirst

321
Q

Special Test of UCL Sprain?

A

Valgus Stress Test (MCL)

322
Q

Special Test for RCL Sprain?

A

Varus Stress Test (LCL)

323
Q

Acute Management for Collateral Ligament Sprains of Wrist?

A

PIER –> Wrist Wrap
Wrist Tape Job for RTP

324
Q

UCL Sprain of the thumb aka

A

Skier’s Thumb
Gamekeepers thumb

325
Q

MOI of UCL Sprain of the thumb

A

Traumatic or overuse hyperabduction of thumb

326
Q

MOI Skiers Thumb (traumatic)

A

Thumb Gets Caught
FOOSH
Catching Ball

327
Q

MOI Gamekeepers Thumb (overuse)

A

Repeat gripping/twist

328
Q

Possible fracture of UCL Sprain of the thumb

A

Avulsion Fracture

329
Q

S&S UCL Sprain of the thumb?

A

Pain
Swelling and Instability at 1st MCP joint

330
Q

t or F surgery recommended for the UCL sprain of the thumb?

A

T Surgery is recommended for instability to stabilize joint and prevents osteoarthritis longer term

331
Q

Why may be there a increase of injury of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain of the Elbow?

A

higher velocities for pitching, lots of force going through arm

332
Q

Acute Management of UCL Sprain of the thumb?

A

PIER
Possible X-Ray to rule out avulsion
Brace
Thumb tape job/Brace for RTP

333
Q

MOI TFCC Tear Acute?

A

FOOSH, Forced Forearm Rotation

334
Q

MOI TFCC Tear overuse?

A

Repetitive Wrist Motions (Wrench, hammer, lifting)

335
Q

S&S TFCC Tear?

A

Medial Wrist Pain
Pain with Ulnar Deviation and Loading through the wrist
Popping/Clicking
Wrist Weakness

336
Q

Special Test TFCC Tear

A

TFCC compression test (passive Ulnar deviation with axial compression- loads through the disc)

337
Q

Acute Management of TFCC Tear?

A

PIER
Brace As Heals
Ant-inflam injections if needed, surgery for persistent instability

338
Q

MOI Elbow Dislocation?

A

FOOSH

339
Q

S&S Elbow Dislocation? x5

A

Deformity
Pain
Holding Elbow
Tingling.Numbness
Shock

340
Q

Acute Care of Elbow Dislocation? x5

A

Stabilize
Splint
Monitor/Treat for Shock
ER/EMS

Reduction over sedation

341
Q

MOI Elbow Fractures?

A

Direct Trauma/Fall

342
Q

S&S of Elbow Fractures?

A

Pain
Unable or Unwilling to move Elbow

343
Q

Acute Care Elbow Fracture? x4

A

Splint
Monitor for Shock
ER for x/rays/surgical referral
ORIF

344
Q

What is ORIF?

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

345
Q

MOI Colles Fracture/Distal Radius Fracture?

A

FOOSH
Distal radius gets displaced posteriorly

346
Q

S&S Colles Fracture/Distal Radius Fracture x3

A

Dinner fork deformity
Pain
Numbness

347
Q

T or F, you test for Colles Fracture/Distal Radius Fracture?

A

False, Deformity is obvious so no need for testing

348
Q

Acute Management of Colles Fracture/Distal Radius Fracture x4

A

Splint
Monitor for shock
Emerge for X-Rays
Surgery if unable to align

349
Q

MOI Scaphoid Fractures

A

FOOSH

350
Q

S&S Scaphoid Fractures?

A

TOP of anatomical snuff box

351
Q

Why does the scaphoid have lower ability to heal?

A

Poor Blood Supply

352
Q

What injury is important to identify early and immobilize via cast or brace?

A

Scaphoid Fractures

353
Q

MOI of Metacarpal and Finger Fractures x3

A

Axial Compression (Jammed) Finger
Direct Trauma
Being Stepped on

354
Q

S&S Metacarpal and Finger Fractures x3

A

Localized Pain
Swelling
Unable to Grip

355
Q

Acute Care Metacarpal and Finger Fractures x2

A

FINGERS: Buddy Tape to Stabilize
Hand MC - SAM Spint

356
Q

How does Metacarpal and Finger Fractures result in avulsion fractures and how to treat?

A

Tendon pulls off piece of bone

Immobilization or surgical repair

357
Q

MOI of Cyclist Palsy

A

Compression from Handlebars

358
Q

S&S of Cyclist Palsy x3

A

Tingling/Numbness/Nerve Pain
Decreased Muscle strength of 5th digit
Hand Cramping

359
Q

Prevention of of Cyclist Palsy?

A

Avoid hyper extension of wrist on handlebars
Proper bike fit

360
Q

Acute Care of Cyclist Palsy? x3

A

PIER
Splints
May require NSAIDs

361
Q

MOI of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Overuse of wrist flexor tendons causing pressure on median nerve with carpal tunnel

362
Q

S&S of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? x2

A

Burning/Tingling/Numbness in Anterior Wrist and Hand
(Along median nerve distribution -digits 1-4 and 1/2 of 4)

Decreased grip strength

363
Q

Acute care of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome x6

A

Bracing
PIER
Anti-inflame Treatment
Proper Ergonomic set up (prevention tool)

Steroid Injection
Surgery to pen up tunnel of conservative treatment is unsuccessful;

364
Q

What is the growth plate?

A

Area of new bone growth in kids and teens
-At the end of long bones
-Cartilaginous tissue

365
Q

Growth Plate Ages Men

A

16-17

366
Q

Growth Plate Ages Women

A

14-15

367
Q

What are the 7 Pediatric medical conditions?

A

-Juvenile Diabetes
-Juvenile Arthritis
-Asthma
-Epilsepsy
-Allergies
-Water Safety/CPR
-Choking

368
Q

4 Pediatric Sized ER supplies?

A

-OPA
-Neck Collar
-Splints
-EPiPenr

369
Q

Pediatric Tools

A

Child SCAT 6

370
Q

Injury Prevention in Youth Sports x13

A

-Proper Warm Up
-Proper Fitted Equipment
-Diversifying Activity
-Playing time limits
-Max games per day
-Minimum hrs between games
-Rotating Positions
-Proper Nutrition and hydration
-Avoid Overtraining
-Baseline concussion testing
-Psychological Wellness
-Re-season screenings
-Pitch count limits

371
Q

Pre-Season Screenings for youth x5

A

-Identify current pain/injuries
-Review medical conditions
-Assess functional movement patterns
-Concussion baseline testing
-Discuss Important Topics

372
Q

Important topics to discuss for youth pre-season screenings?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Concussions
  3. Hydration
  4. Overtraining
  5. Communicating injuries early
    -Emphasis on RTP sooner if caught early
373
Q

Psychological Wellness Youth Sports x7

A

-Support Following Injury
-Healthy competition
-Healthy Eating Habits
-Inclusivity
-Motivational talks
-Encouraging cheers
-Promoting Teamwork
(Sport is about so much more than sport-skills)

374
Q

Growth plate injuries/fractures MOI?

A

Excessive repeat stress on growth plate on the bone causes a widening of the growth plate.

-Growth plate becomes inflamed

375
Q

If Growth plate is not addressed, can affect growth how x2?

A

Deformities
Bone Stops growing prematurely

376
Q

MOI Little League Shoulder: Proximal Humeral Epiphysitis

A

Irritation of the growth plate in the proximal humerus

Overuse in overhand motions causing excessive strain on growth plate

376
Q

Treatment of Growth Plate Injuries/Fractures x2

A

1)Altered Activity
2)May require 2-3 months of rest from aggravating sport skills

377
Q

S&S Little League Shoulder: Proximal Humeral Epiphysitis

A

Progressive increase in pain in the proximal humerus or shoulder
-May lead to stress fracture through growth plate

378
Q

MOI Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee

A

Excessive Traction on Patellar Tendon
-Often associated with growth spurts

378
Q

Prevention of Little League Shoulder: Proximal Humeral Epiphysitis x3

A

Limited Pitch Counts
Proper Throwing Mechanics
Train the Kinetic Link

379
Q

S&S Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee

A

Pain
Swelling and Heat over Tendon
Pain with jumping, running, quick change in direction or strong quad contraction
Pain with flex and extension

380
Q

T or F kids with Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee can train through pain

A

T

381
Q

Special tests MOI Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee x2

A

Thomas Test
Resisted Quad

382
Q

Acute Management Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee x3

A

PIER
Roll/Soft Mobility for Quads
Lower Extremity Mechanics

383
Q

What are lower extremity mechanics Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee *****

A

To train hamstrings to prevent ant translation of tibia on femur and stability at hip and knee

384
Q

T or F Tendinopathy Rehab for Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee

A

True, eccentrics/, x-training

385
Q

RTP Patellar Tendonitis AKA Jumper’s Knee

A

Patellar Tendonitis Tape Job

386
Q

What is Osgood Shlatter’s Disease?

A

Irritation of growth plate ate tib tuberosity (attachment of patellar tendon)

387
Q

MOI Osgood Shlatter’s Disease?

A

Overuse
Excesse traction of quads via patellar tendon

388
Q

S&S Osgood Shlatter’s Disease? x4

A

Pain over tib tub
Eventually, a visible bump over Tib tub
Pain with contraction and stretch of quads
Jumping with Pain

389
Q

Special Tests Osgood Shlatter’s Disease? x2

A

Thomas Test
Resisted Quad

390
Q

Acute Management of Osgood Shlatter’s Disease?x3

A

PIER
Roll/Soft Tissue mobility for quads
Low extremity mechanics

391
Q

Low extremity mechanics Osgood Shlatter’s Disease? ***

A

Train hams to prevent ant translation of tibia on femur and stability at hip and knee

392
Q

What is Sever’s Disease?

A

Irritation of the calcaneal tuberosity growth plate (attachment for Achilles tendon)

392
Q

Prevention of Osgood Schlatters Disease?

A

Diversify Activity

393
Q

MOI Sever’s Disease?

A

Overuse - Excessive Traction of Achillies

394
Q

S&S Severs Disease? x2

A

Pain over Achilles insertion into calcaneus
Pain with forceful Achilles contraction (jumping, sprinting, starts/stops(

395
Q

Special Tests Sever’s Disease?

A

Single Leg Calf Raise

396
Q

Acute Care Sever’s Disease? x3

A

Stretch Gastric and Soleus
NASAIDS
Heel Lift

397
Q

MOI Little League Elbow

A

Chronic Valgus overload to medial elbow form throwing

398
Q

Structures injured Little League Elbow x4

A

One/Many Medial Structures
-Medial Epicondylitis
-Medial Epicondylar Apophysitis (GPI)
-Avulsion fracture
-MCL Sprain

399
Q

S&S Little League Elbow

A

-Pain and inflammation over medial elbow
-Pain and Weakness with throwing
-Medial Instability

400
Q

Special Test Little League Elbow x3

A

Wrist Flexor Muscle Testing
Valgus Stress
X-Rays

401
Q

Acute Care Little League Elbow

A

PIER

402
Q

Prevention Little League Elbow x2

A

Limited pitch counts
Proper throwing mechanics

403
Q

2 Growth Plate Irritation Sites

A

Distal Radius
Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine

404
Q

Distal Radius GPI

A

Gymnastics, Repeat Load

405
Q

Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine GPI

A

Rectus Femoris Contract strongly while on stretch
-tumbling sports

406
Q

Treatment for Growth Plate Fractures x4

A

Rest
Cast
Splint
Surgery

407
Q

3 Principles of Spinting

A
  1. Include joint above and below the injury
    2.Pad the splint for comfort and added support
    3.Check distal pulse before and after splinting
408
Q

3 Progressions of Heat Illness

A
  1. heat cramps
  2. heat exhaustion
  3. heat stroke
409
Q

What are heat cramps?

A

Muscle cramping during/after activity in the heat
Thought to be caused by fluid and salt loss from sweating
Common in distance runners

410
Q

S&S heat cramps? x2

A

Pain
Spasm (legs or abs)

411
Q

Prevention heat cramps?

A

Sufficient Hydration and Electrolytes
Avoid /Minimize activity in high temp.

412
Q

Acute Care heat cramps?

A

Rest in a Cool Area
Water/Sports Drink
Gentle Stretching or Massage

413
Q

T or F heat cramps should be seen as a warning to avoid more severe illness?

A

T

414
Q

What is Heat Exhaustion?

A

Results from activity in hot temps
Body ability to regulate temp becomes stressed

415
Q

S&S Heat Exhaustion? x7

A

Normal or Slightly Elevated Body Temp.
Cool, Moist, Pale Skin
Headache, Nausea, Vomitting, Dizziness
Weakness
Exhaustion
Level of Consciousness starts decline

416
Q

Acute Care Heat Exhaustion?

A

Rest in Cool Place
Cold Clotha s in Armpits, Groin, Back of Neck
Drink Cool Water

417
Q

MOI Heat Stroke

A

Results from untreated heat exhaustion
Body becomes unable to cool itself

418
Q

S&S Heat Stroke x5

A

Dry, red, hot skin
Progressive loss of consciousness
Rapid & weak pulse
Rapid & shallow breathing High body temp

419
Q

T or F Heat Stroke is Life Threatening

A

T

420
Q

Acute Care of Heat Stroke

A

Cool the body
Give Fluids
Min Shock
Call EMS

420
Q

Cold Related Emergencies

A

Frostbite
Hypothermia

421
Q

What is Frost Bite x3

A

When body tissues freeze following prolonged exposure to cold

Water within and surrounding cells freeze and swell which damages the cells

Results in Loss of digits or limbs

422
Q

What is superficial frostbite?

A

skin only

423
Q

What is deep frostbite?

A

Skin and Underlying Tissues Freeze

424
Q

S&S Frostbite x7

A

Decreased Sensation
Skin is Cold and Waxy
Discolouration
Tingling
Swelling
Pain with Rewarming
Blisters

425
Q

Acute Care Frostbite x5

A

Gentle Rewarming by Soaking in Warm Water
Apply dry sterile dressing
Gauze between finger/toes
Warm Drink
Blanket

426
Q

When to refer to doctors for frostbite x5

A
  1. Signs of Infection
  2. Red Streaks
    3.Blisters
    4.Drainage
  3. No Return of Sensation or normal skin tone
427
Q

Prevention of Frostbite x3

A

Dressing in layers
Removing Wet Clothing/Gear
Avoid Extended Time during extreme cold weather

428
Q

What is Hypothermia

A

A dangerous drop in body temp below 35c following a extended exposure to cold

429
Q

S&S Hypothermia x8

A

Shivering (Stops in late stages)
Slow Irregular Pulse
Slow Breathing Rate
Numbness
Confusion
Drowsiness
Pale Cold Skin
Loss of Coordination

430
Q

Results of Hypothermia x3

A

Shock
Coma
Cardiac Arrest

431
Q

Acute Care Hypothermia x6

A

ABCs
Gradual Rewarming with Dry clothes
Warm EnvironmentC
Blankets
Heating Pads
Warm drinks if alert

KNPE 331 (2 decks)

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