Weeks 3 & 4 Personality

Question 1

The various aspects of a persons character that combine to make them different from other people is their:

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Personality can be described as one of these:
a) relatively stable
b) irratic
c) changing
d) all of the above

Answer 2

a) relatively stable

Question 3

Personality traits are ______________, _______________ & behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals vary.

Answer 3

emotional, cognitive

Question 4

Traits ___________________ behaviour but do not _______________ behaviour.

Answer 4

Influence, dictate

Question 5

Carl Rogers proposed that the primary motivation of humans is:
a) growth need
b) realisation of potential
c) goal maximisation
d) actualising tendency

Answer 5

d) actualising tendency

Question 6

According to Hans Eysenck, what defines a continuum from emotional stability to instability?
a) neuroticism
b) psychosis
c) depression
d) dementia

Answer 6

a) neuroticism

Question 7

According to ________________ people are driven by schemas.
a) Albert Bandura
b) Carl Rogers
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Abraham Maslowf

Answer 7

a) Albert Bandura

Question 8

According to Freud, the reality principle is the:
a) id seeking immediate satisfaction and gratification
b) ego weighing the id’s desires against the consequences
c) superego counterbalancing the id
d) repression of sexual impulses

Answer 8

b) ego weighing the id’s desires against the consequences

Question 9

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce Allport and Odbert’s list of 1800 words. He argued that there are ____________ basic personality traits.
a) five
b) sixteen
c) seven
d) ten

Answer 9

b) sixteen

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the “big five” factors identified by Costa and McCrae?
a) agreeableness
b) conscientiousness
c) self-actualisation
d) openness

Answer 10

c) self-actualisation

Question 11

Tests that present subjects with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to give some kind of definition or meaning to it are known as?
a) objective
b) subjective
c) projective
d) inductive

Answer 11

c) projective

Question 12

What is the first stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?
a) Anal
b) Oral
c) Latency
d) Phallic

Answer 12

b) Oral

Question 13

The first individual to present a comprehensive theory of personality was:
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Martin Charcot
c) Carl Jung
d) Albert Bandura

Answer 13

a) Sigmund Freud

Question 14

The ________________approach focuses on aspects of personality that are distinctly human, not shard by other animals.
a) humanistic
b) existential
c) trait
d) anthropomorphic

Answer 14

a) humanistic

Question 15

Enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviours. Relatively stable. Unique and adaptive.

Answer 15

Personality

Question 16

Three ways we describe personality

Answer 16

Human nature - like all others
Individual and group differences - like some others
Individual uniqueness - like no others

Question 17

Emotional, cognitive and behaviour tendencies which are unique to individuals

Answer 17

Traits

Question 18

Eysenck’s super traits

Answer 18

Extraversion – Introversion
Neuroticism – Emotional Stability
Psychoticism – Low Psychoticism

Question 19

What are BAS & BIS?

Answer 19

Behavioural approach systems (BAS) attuned to rewards
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS) attuned to punishment

Question 20

The Factor Model Traits

Answer 20

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extroversion
Neuroticism

Question 21

Openness to Experience

Answer 21

Includes characteristics such as creativity, spontaneity, flexible in ideas.

Question 22

Feline Five Traits

Answer 22

Neuroticism
Extraversion
Dominance
Impulsivity
Agreeableness

Question 23

Capacity to understand another person’s cognitive and emotional experience

Answer 23

Empathy

Question 24

Organised pattern of thought and perception about oneself that is consistent

Answer 24

Self-concept

Question 25

Core aspect of being that is not impacted by external demands

Answer 25

True self

Question 26

An aspect of self which emerges to gain positive regard from others

Answer 26

False self

Question 27

View of what person should be like

Answer 27

Ideal self

Question 28

Acceptance and support of a person, regardless of what the person does

Answer 28

positive regard

Question 29

Desire to fulfil a range of needs that humans experience

Answer 29

Actualising tendency

Question 30

Developed by Freud and includes conscious, preconscious, and unconscious elements

Answer 30

Topographic model

Question 31

According to Freud is the ‘life force’ and includes pleasure seeking, sensuality, and desire for sexual intercourse

Answer 31

Libido

Question 32

Freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 32

Oral (0-18 months)
Anal (2-3 years)
Phallic (4-6 years)
Latency (7-11 years)
Genital (12+ years)

Question 33

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 33

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 34

According to Carl Rogers is an organized pattern of thought and perception about oneself

Answer 34

Self-concept

Question 35

Aspect of the humanistic approach to personality that relates to a human’s desire to fulfill the full needs of human experience (e.g. all the hierarchy of needs)

Answer 35

Actualising tendency

Question 36

According to Bandura is a person’s idea that they can perform the require actions to get the desired outcome

Answer 36

Self-efficacy expectancy

Question 37

A cognitive-social personality researcher who focused on personal constructs that are significant to a person and their personality. Looked at how cognitions influence behaviour.

Answer 37

George Kelly