Weeks 3 & 4 Personality Flashcards
The various aspects of a persons character that combine to make them different from other people is their:
Personality
Personality can be described as one of these:
a) relatively stable
b) irratic
c) changing
d) all of the above
a) relatively stable
Personality traits are ______________, _______________ & behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals vary.
emotional, cognitive
Traits ___________________ behaviour but do not _______________ behaviour.
Influence, dictate
Carl Rogers proposed that the primary motivation of humans is:
a) growth need
b) realisation of potential
c) goal maximisation
d) actualising tendency
d) actualising tendency
According to Hans Eysenck, what defines a continuum from emotional stability to instability?
a) neuroticism
b) psychosis
c) depression
d) dementia
a) neuroticism
According to ________________ people are driven by schemas.
a) Albert Bandura
b) Carl Rogers
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Abraham Maslowf
a) Albert Bandura
According to Freud, the reality principle is the:
a) id seeking immediate satisfaction and gratification
b) ego weighing the id’s desires against the consequences
c) superego counterbalancing the id
d) repression of sexual impulses
b) ego weighing the id’s desires against the consequences
Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce Allport and Odbert’s list of 1800 words. He argued that there are ____________ basic personality traits.
a) five
b) sixteen
c) seven
d) ten
b) sixteen
Which of the following is NOT one of the “big five” factors identified by Costa and McCrae?
a) agreeableness
b) conscientiousness
c) self-actualisation
d) openness
c) self-actualisation
Tests that present subjects with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to give some kind of definition or meaning to it are known as?
a) objective
b) subjective
c) projective
d) inductive
c) projective
What is the first stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages?
a) Anal
b) Oral
c) Latency
d) Phallic
b) Oral
The first individual to present a comprehensive theory of personality was:
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Martin Charcot
c) Carl Jung
d) Albert Bandura
a) Sigmund Freud
The ________________approach focuses on aspects of personality that are distinctly human, not shard by other animals.
a) humanistic
b) existential
c) trait
d) anthropomorphic
a) humanistic
Enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviours. Relatively stable. Unique and adaptive.
Personality
Three ways we describe personality
Human nature - like all others
Individual and group differences - like some others
Individual uniqueness - like no others
Emotional, cognitive and behaviour tendencies which are unique to individuals
Traits
Eysenck’s super traits
Extraversion – Introversion
Neuroticism – Emotional Stability
Psychoticism – Low Psychoticism
What are BAS & BIS?
Behavioural approach systems (BAS) attuned to rewards
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS) attuned to punishment
The Factor Model Traits
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extroversion
Neuroticism
Openness to Experience
Includes characteristics such as creativity, spontaneity, flexible in ideas.
Feline Five Traits
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Dominance
Impulsivity
Agreeableness
Capacity to understand another person’s cognitive and emotional experience
Empathy
Organised pattern of thought and perception about oneself that is consistent
Self-concept
Core aspect of being that is not impacted by external demands
True self
An aspect of self which emerges to gain positive regard from others
False self
View of what person should be like
Ideal self
Acceptance and support of a person, regardless of what the person does
positive regard
Desire to fulfil a range of needs that humans experience
Actualising tendency
Developed by Freud and includes conscious, preconscious, and unconscious elements
Topographic model
According to Freud is the ‘life force’ and includes pleasure seeking, sensuality, and desire for sexual intercourse
Libido
Freud’s psychosexual stages
Oral (0-18 months)
Anal (2-3 years)
Phallic (4-6 years)
Latency (7-11 years)
Genital (12+ years)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization
According to Carl Rogers is an organized pattern of thought and perception about oneself
Self-concept
Aspect of the humanistic approach to personality that relates to a human’s desire to fulfill the full needs of human experience (e.g. all the hierarchy of needs)
Actualising tendency
According to Bandura is a person’s idea that they can perform the require actions to get the desired outcome
Self-efficacy expectancy
A cognitive-social personality researcher who focused on personal constructs that are significant to a person and their personality. Looked at how cognitions influence behaviour.
George Kelly
