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MUSIC 103 > Weeks 10-14 > Flashcards

Weeks 10-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What characterizes punk?

A

A genealogy of amateur aesthetic; DIY attitude

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2
Q

What is a timeline of punk bands?

A

1966: Velvet Underground
1969: Stooges/MC5
1973: Modern Lovers/New York Dolls
1975: Ramones/Patti Smith/Talking Heads
1976: Sex Pistols/Clash

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3
Q

What was a main contrast between punk in the UK and the US?

A

Punk in the UK was more socially and politically relevant.

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4
Q

What demographic was UK punk aimed at?

A

Subcultures and British working class youth

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5
Q

What did press cover concerning punk in the UK?

A

Subculture and style, symbolization, and moral panics

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6
Q

How is punk related to masculinity?

A

It can often be tied to aggressive masculinity but also an attack on the hyper-masculinity of rock

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7
Q

What did The Slits do for punk?

A

They took on a confrontational femininity

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8
Q

What was the significance of The Ramones?

A

Helped define the “punk sound”
“Wall of noise”
Debut single: “Blitzkrieg Bop”

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9
Q

What were The Sex Pistols a reaction to?

A

The complexities of rock music and the barriers between fans and stars

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10
Q

What characterizes ska?

A

A walking baseline, accented rhythm on the offbeat

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11
Q

What was ska influenced by?

A

Mento and Calypso music

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12
Q

What was rocksteady?

A

Ska slowed in tempo, increased in bass and more emphasis on the offbeat

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13
Q

What is reggae?

A

An even more dramatically slowed down version of ska and rocksteady

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14
Q

What did reggae lyrics focus on?

A

Africa as the homeland with attention to colonization, identity, race, and class

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15
Q

What did reggae music influence?

A

The Rastafarian Zion movement

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16
Q

What impact did Bob Marley have on reggae?

A

He translated it into popular music with his Catch a Fire album

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17
Q

What was disco originally for?

A

The dance floor

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18
Q

Where does disco find its origins?

A

African American, Latino, and gay dance cultures

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19
Q

What are elements of The Disco Sound?

A

4/4 time
Syncopated bass line with hi hat on offbeat
“Struggle but survival” lyrics
Artifice over authenticity

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20
Q

What were the 3 types of disco?

A

R&B Disco, Eurodisco, Pop Disco

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21
Q

What were 3 of disco’s innovations?

A

Sexual lyrics instead of romantic
Producers were stars instead of performers
The dancing remix was born

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22
Q

Who did Donna Summer work with?

A

Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte

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23
Q

What were the 1980s known as?

A

The decade of the music video

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24
Q

What did MTV create?

A

A new visual language for music
A way to connect music to advertising
Consumption as an identity

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25
Q

How does Madonna relate to visuality and identity?

A

Utilized the music video
Ever-changing image and style
Controlled expression of sexuality

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26
Q

How does Michael Jackson relate to visuality and identity?

A

Made a career as a performer in addition to just a singer

Music videos for Thriller were highly influential in the form

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27
Q

What were two frequent types of Bruce Springsteen songs?

A 
Sensitive portraits of working class people stuck in dead-end lives
Rousing, celebratory rockers
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28
Q

How is Springsteen related to MTV?

A

He found success with music videos

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29
Q

How did hardcore come about as a genre?

A

Punk gained popular appeal and moved to the underground

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30
Q

What were the centres of hardcore in America?

A

California and DC

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31
Q

What characterized hardcore music?

A

A focus on speed, anger, and aggression

32
Q

When and where did hip hop originate?

A

South Bronx, 1970s

33
Q

What is a break?

A

A section of music where vocals drop out and the beat dominates

34
Q

How was the turntable and break technology significant in hip hop?

A

Hip hop involves circulating sounds of the past through recycling, repacking, and remixing. Break technology made this possible.

35
Q

What are the four methods of mixing music on a turntable?

A

Beat matching, beat mixing, scratching, and beat juggling

36
Q

How did gangsta rap begin its decline?

A

With the deaths of 2pac and Biggie

37
Q

What did mass media focus on with regard to hip hop? What did this result in?

A

Its sensationalism resulted in moral outrage and panic.

38
Q

Why was rap not thought of as music?

A

Because rap didn’t have the standard melody that was present in popular music at the time

39
Q

What is blockism?

A

The idea that your neighbourhood block is the centre of the world

40
Q

Where is blockism reflected?

A

In the East-West coast rivalry

41
Q

What is conscious hip hop?

A

“hiphop praxis wherein lyric content and raising the art form to the next level outweighs the profit margin”

42
Q

When did the sound of hip hop change? How?

A

The late 1990s as a result of genre-mixing (e.g., Award Tour is jazz rap)

43
Q

When did the indie scene begin in Seattle?

A

The late 1980s

44
Q

Who founded Sub Pop and when?

A

Bruce Pavitt in 1986

45
Q

What effect did Sub Pop have on grunge?

A

It helped redefine the sound of Seattle Grunge

46
Q

Where does Sub Pop have its roots?

A

In the Subterranean Pop fanzine

47
Q

Why was Seattle so apt for an indie scene?

A

There was no major music market already there and the weather was bad

48
Q

When did the term “alternative” begin to replace “indie?”

A

The late 80s and 90s

49
Q

What did this shift from indie to alternative mean for the industry?

A

There was a turn towards populism and non-indie rock practices

50
Q

What does early grunge describe?

A

An overdriven guitar sound and the dress and style of faded flannel and torn jeans

51
Q

What happened when bohemianism became mainstream?

A

It threatened the indie-punk notion that certain kinds of consumerism might resist commodification

52
Q

What happened to indie bands as time went on?

A

They signed to bigger labels, made music videos, and turned to “scrunge”

53
Q

What is scrunge?

A

Music with elements of grunge but no indie values

54
Q

What is Nirvana indicative of?

A

The transition between indie and alternative

55
Q

When did Cobain die?

A

1994

56
Q

What were Nirvana’s 3 albums, when were they released, and with what labels?

A

Bleach in 1989, Sub Pop Records
Nevermind in 1991, DGC
Unplugged in New York in 1994, Sony Music Studios

57
Q

What is Riot Grrrl connected to?

A

DIY and third wave feminism

58
Q

What was house music designed for?

A

The dance floor and DJs

59
Q

What was house music related to?

A

Excess, drugs, and dancing

60
Q

Where does house have its origins?

A

Chicago

61
Q

What distinguishes house music?

A

Its repetitive and mechanical rhythm and relationship with disempowered communities

62
Q

Who are two people connected to house music?

A

Jamie Principle and Frankie Knuckles

63
Q

What is techno related to?

A

Detroit, European aesthetic, futuristic sound, different from house in BPM and venues

64
Q

What does techno make use of?

A

The Roland TR-808, TR 909, and older Moog synths

65
Q

What is an example of a techno album?

A

Strings of Life (1987)

66
Q

What is jungle sound?

A

Stretched backbeat, full rhythmic pattern, “accelerated reggae,” hybrid of hip hop and house

67
Q

What is jungle sound connected to?

A

Black British culture

68
Q

What is an example of a jungle song?

A

Terminator (1992) by Metal Heads

69
Q

What percentage of singles released in Britain in 1998 were in the dance category?

A

61%

70
Q

What are the 3 stages of the music industry?

A
  1. Music publishing houses
  2. Record companies
  3. Transnational entertainment corporations
71
Q

What did the Canadian Content Regulations mandate?

A

30% of radio music must be Canadian

72
Q

What was Broken Social Scene?

A

A music collective including between 6 and 19 people

73
Q

Who started Broken Social Scene?

A

Drew and Canning

74
Q

What did the collective show?

A

That success is possible by self releasing

75
Q

What was Arts and Crafts records created for?

A

To support Broken Social Scene and associated acts

MUSIC 103 (4 decks)

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