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Nursing 1060 > Weeks 1-4 Midterm > Flashcards

Weeks 1-4 Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Nursing

A

self-regulated, goal is to maintain, restore, and advance the health of individuals, groups, or entire communities

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2
Q

Science of Nursing

A

application of nursing knowledge and the technical aspects of the practice

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3
Q

Art of Nursing

A

establishment of a caring relationship through which the nurse applies nursing knowledge, skills, and judgement in a compassionate manner

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4
Q

Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)

A

title of RN is protected, mandate series of values, play role in scope of practice and continuing competence

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5
Q

College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO)

A

entry level competencies, protect public from nurses, maintain list of all nurses

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6
Q

CNO Code of Conduct

A
  • respect dignity of patients and treats them as individuals
  • work together to promote patient well-being
  • maintain public trust by providing safe and competent care
  • work respectfully with colleagues to best meet patients needs
  • act with integrity to maintain patients trust
  • maintain public confidence in the nursing profession
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7
Q

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)

A

regulate nurses in Ontario, promote healthy public policies and excellence, speak out for nurses and the public, nurses always accountable for their actions

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8
Q

Ontario Nurses Association (ONA)

A

labour union, effects contracts and economic conditions we work in, free education opportunities

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9
Q

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

A

represent nurses internationally, impact global health and SDOH by removing barriers and providing access to health care

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10
Q

Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA)

A

regulates collection, use, and disclosure of personal health information by health information custodians (HIC), consent implied with circle of care

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11
Q

Bill 19 - Health Information Protection Act

A

increasing number of privacy breaches being reported to Information Privacy Commission (IPC), introduced to better protect privacy

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12
Q

What is Knowing

A

a form of knowledge gained by experience and shaped by unique perspective of the individual

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13
Q

Women’s Ways of Knowing

A
  • Silent
  • Received
  • Subjective
  • Procedural
  • Constructed
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14
Q

Silent Knowledge

A

obedience to authority, silence by culture or power of others

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15
Q

Received Knowledge

A

learn by listening to authority, truths based upon received information

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16
Q

Subjective Knowledge

A

rely on own feelings or experience for truth, intuition

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17
Q

Procedural Knowledge

A

attempt to understand authority figures, rely on technical skills for obtaining and communication truth
Connected - understand others by empathizing their perspective
Separate - separate from emotions/feelings, devils advocate

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18
Q

Constructed Knowledge

A

knowledge is contextual, aware of own thoughts and feelings

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19
Q

Perry’s Scheme of Intellectual/Ethical Development

A

Dualism - seeing world in black and white
Multiplicity - gray, want to question authority, challenge
Relativism - appreciate that everything has a context
Commitment - knowledge isn’t isolated, impact on who we are and our moral being

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20
Q

Carper’s Patterns of Knowing

A

all patterns need to be used together, practice involved bringing knowing and doing together

  • Empirics
  • Ethics
  • Personal Knowing
  • Aesthetics
  • Emancipatory Knowing
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21
Q

Empirics

A

science of nursing, based on observation/evaluation, factual, describe, explain and predict phenomenon

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22
Q

Ethics

A

moral competent of nursing, ethics is rules and guidelines, whereas morality is subjective and what you personally think is right or wrong

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23
Q

Personal Knowing

A

therapeutic use of self, focuses on personal relationship between two people, able to identify needs on a holistic level

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24
Q

Aesthetics

A

art of nursing, being able to perceive what need is being expressed by behaviour, requires empathy

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25
Q

Emancipatory Knwoing

A

action to reduce or eliminate inequality or injustice, relates to SDOH, uses all patterns of knowing

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26
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

regarded as the founder of modern nursing, emphasized the role of nursing as art and science, ability to control environment provides healing spaces for patients

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27
Q

Morley and Jackson

A

nurses overwhelmed by environment which is damaging to patient care, the profession and individual nurses, need to advocate for role of the nurse and for changes in public policy

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28
Q

Bickford

A

Post-Colonial Theory - analyzes power relations, structural factors, and challenging the status quo
racial minorities, women, indigenous people, poor people face the most barriers within health care

29
Q

Catholic Nursing Sisters

A

built network of nurse run hospitals
Marie Hebert - confronted notion that indigenous people needed to be saved from the Europeans, extended care to them
Jeanna Mance - founded hospital in Montreal, first community health nurse in Canada
Grey Nuns - had charities, extended care to the poor

30
Q

Nursing in 1800s

A

only poor people consented to an autopsy would be admitted, lack of respect for hospitals, lots of infectious disease, nurses evaluated on appearance, considered handmaiden to physicians

31
Q

Meta-paradigm

A

Nursing, health, environment, person

32
Q

Nursing Post WWI

A

still no respect for nursing and care provided in hospitals, poor farming conditions in prairie provinces resulting in poverty, introduction for registration, CNA 3 main sections - public health, private duty, nursing education

33
Q

Nursing During Great Depression

A

increasing unemployment rates, severe shortage of nurses, poor working conditions, no Canada Health Act or unemployment insurance

34
Q

Nursing During WWII

A

lots of opportunities for nurses, enhance education VS treat the sick, increased need for nurses

35
Q

Nursing Post WWII

A

nurse shortage due to poor pay and working conditions, opened up equal education, professional and employment opportunities to all nurses, traditional system of gender/racial segregation is abandoned

36
Q

Nursing During 1960s

A

2 tiered nursing program - BScN for leader and diploma for bedside nursing, Canadian gained universal health insurance system

37
Q

Nursing During 1970/80s

A

CNA proposed that all all nurses have a BScN, code of Ethics established - caring and respect

38
Q

1990-2000

A

start thinking holistically about health care model, CNA goes online

39
Q

2000

A

lots of CNA initiatives

40
Q

Purpose of Nursing Leadership

A

improve health status of client and family and attitudes of citizens and legislators toward the nursing profession and their expectations of it

41
Q

Hospital Care Early 1900s

A

advanced stage of TB, poor, consent to autopsy, fee-for-service

42
Q

Canada’s Universal Public Health Insurance System

A

increasing costs for health care, Canada Health Act (Medicare) - 1960s, designed to ensure that all residents have reasonable access to medically necessary hospital and physician services, on a prepaid basis

43
Q

Principles of Medicare

A

Public Administration - non-profit, no one makes money of the act
Comprehensiveness - all medically necessary services are covered
Universality - receive care free of discrimination
Portability - access to health care in other provinces/territories without cost or penalty
Accessibility - reasonable access to care must be available based on need, not the ability to pay

44
Q

Health Care 2012

A

brief hospital stays, more sick people, due to aging population, shift care to the home when possible

45
Q

Federal Jurisdiction

A

set and administer Canada Health Act, provide financial assistance to provincial and territorial jurisdictions

46
Q

Provincial/Territorial Jurisdiction

A

ability to develop and administer own health care plans, role in managing and financing health care

47
Q

Professional Jurisdiction

A

allows us to self-regulate as health care providers and to manage practice-standards and outline entry to practice competencies, disciplinary action

48
Q

Primary Care

A

first initial point of treatment

49
Q

Primary Health Care

A

health promotion, realigns resources to address SDOH
Team - health care professionals collaborate with others add use of expertise to help benefit clients
Access - to health care resources and information
Information - on illness and disease
Healthy Living - embrace treatment and prevention of chronic illness, self-care, take SDOH into consideration

50
Q

Levels of Care

A
  • Health promotion
  • Disease/Injury Prevention
  • Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Rehabilitation
  • Supportive Care
51
Q

Family Nursing

A

health and illness affect family as a whole, appreciate context, not everyone has the same experiences, focus on family processes and relationships, families can provide valuable information that the individual cannot

52
Q

Health vs Well-being

A

Health - objective state of well-being

Well-being - subjective feeling

53
Q

Disease vs Illness

A

Disease - objective state

Illness - subjective experience of loss of health

54
Q

Biomedical Approach to Health

A

health is absence of disease

55
Q

Behavioural Approach to Health

A

health is the product of making healthy lifestyle choices

56
Q

Socioenvironmental Approach to Health

A

health is the product of social determinants of health that provide incentives and barriers to the health of individuals and communities

57
Q

Primary Prevention

A

reduces impact of existing risk factors for a potential problem, reduce occurrence of disease

58
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

provides screening, detection, and early treatment

59
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

reduces impact of long-term disease and disability

60
Q

Health Promotion Strategies

A
  • Build healthy public policy
  • Create supportive environments
  • Strengthen community action
  • Develop personal skills
  • Reorient health care
61
Q

Strength Based Nursing Care

A

understanding individuals as unique, holistic organisms, finding strengthens and recognizing they co-exist with weaknesses, strike a balance between the two

62
Q

Education (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

instruction, training, schooling

Indicators - student to teacher ratio, high school completion rate, population with university degree

63
Q

Community Vitality (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

communities with strong individual relationships

Indicators - participation in organized activities, crime rate, feeling safe, sense of belonging

64
Q

Democratic Engagement (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

advancing democracy within politics, organizations and activates
Indicators - voting rates, satisfaction with democracy

65
Q

Environment (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

basis on which a society is built

Indicators - freshwater supply, energy production, ecological footprint

66
Q

Healthy Populations (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

physical, mental and social well-being of their population

Indicators - chronic disease rates, life expectancy at birth, immunization rates

67
Q

Leisure and Culture (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

participation in arts, culture and recreation

Indicators - participation in physical, arts and culture activities

68
Q

Living Standards (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

distribution of wealth and income

Indicators - average family income, low income/unemployment rate, housing affordability

69
Q

Time Use (Canadian Index of Well-being)

A

how time is spent and experienced by individuals

Indicators - volunteering, work hours, children read daily by parents

Nursing 1060 (1 decks)

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