Weeks 1-4 Flashcards
Five steps of EBP
- Ask an answerable question. 2. Search the literature for relevant articles. 3. Appraise the articles. 4. Integrate evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences. 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of applying the evidence in clinical practice.
Define EBN or evidenced based health care practice
Nursing practice that is based on the best knowledge or evidence scientifically proven to yield the best outcomes for patients. It integrates clinical expertise and patient values and preferences with the best available research.
Evidence can be placed in two categories. Name these:
Basic research in a laboratory situation and applied research done with real subjects in real-world situations
What is the purpose of an abstract?
Summarises a research report. Usually gives some background, aims, findings & conclusions – distills the key elements of the remaining sections into a few sentences.
Define literature review.
An overview of current literature – what the theme is. This is all about what data is already out there – it considers secondary sources, synthesizing these into one document. It is what we already know.
State three major features of qualitative methods and quantitative methods
Qualitative: • Interprets social interactions • It studies behavior in a natural environment • It is subjective. Researcher is not at ‘arm’s length’.
Quantitative: • It is objective. Researcher is at ‘arm’s length’ • It tests hypotheses by looking at cause & effect • It is based on numbers and we analyse these statistically.
What are the major types of qualitative research designs?
Phenomenology • Grounded Theory • Ethnography • Historical research
What are the major types of quantitative research designs?
Experimental: Experimental & Quasi-Experimental. Non-experimental: Descriptive & Correlational
State four main components of rigor in qualitative research
• Confirmability • Transferability • Trustworthiness • Credibility
Independent variable
The cause - the manipulated variable.
Dependent variable
The effect - unmanipulated variable.
Two types of validity
Internal and external
Hypothesis
Takes a guess at the cause of the effect and needs to be PROVEN.
When do nurses seek out evidence?
When we see a need or a ‘gap’ in knowledge – where we see that our patients may benefit from a better way or where a patient who doesn’t want to comply with the usual intervention and wants to try something else.
What is Grounded Theory
Focuses on the social processes. To find new understandings and perspectives. It translates what they are finding into process – it is trying to develop theory about basic social processes. Tends to be used where there has been little research.
