weeks 1-4 Flashcards
What is animal breeding?
Application of scientific knowledge to the genetic improvement of animals.
Who is the father of animal husbandry?
Robert Bakewell
What is a breeding programme system?
- Definition of production system.
- Definition of breeding goal.
- Collection of information.
- Determining selection criteria.
- Selection & mating.
- Dissemination.
- Evaluation
who developed the bell shaped curve?
Carl Friedrich Gauss
What did Gregor Mendel demonstrate?
The principles of genetics. Pea plant experiments.
Who discovered genetic linkage?
William Bateson
What is the Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium?
p2+ 2pq+ q2=1
Where:
p = frequency of dominant allele.
q= frequency of recessive allele
Who created the BLUP system of equations?
Charles Henderson
Who founded the structure of DNA?
James Watson & Francis Crick
When were dogs first domesticated?
12,000 years ago
When were sheep & goats domesticated?
10,000 years ago - first farm species to be domesticated
When were pigs domesticated?
9,000 years ago
When was cattle domesticated?
8,000 years ago
When was horses domesticated?
5,000 years ago
What is a trait?
Any observable or measurable characteristic of an individual.
What is the definition of a phenotype (P)?
An observed category or measured level of performance for a trait in an individual.
What is the definition of Genotype (G)?
The particular combination of genes or alleles which an animal inherits - its genetic make up.
What is the definition of Environment?
Everything that effects the phenotype that is not a part of the genotype.
Genetic improvement formula
P= G+E+GxE
Where :
P= phenotype
G= Genotype
E= environment
Definition of Breeding Value (BV)
The value of an individual as a genetic parent - average value of an animals progeny.
Definition of Breeding Objective
A general goal of a breeding program - a notion of what constitutes the ‘best’ animal.
What is used to calculate heritability?
h2 ( h squared)
