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Embrology > Weeks 1-4 > Flashcards

Weeks 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

After fertilization, how long after does birth take place? How long after the onset of the last menstrual period

A

38 weeks; 40 weeks

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2
Q

Premature refers to babies born before

A

37 weeks from the onset of the last menstraul period.
35 weeks from fertilization

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3
Q

Babe tween 37 and 40 weeks from the onset of LMP is known as

A

Term

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4
Q

The development in the embryo is divided into 3 stages. What re they?

A

Germinal (pre embryonic)
Embryonic
Fetal

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5
Q

The germinal period lasts

A

2 Weeks

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6
Q

The embryonic period is between weeks

A

3-8

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7
Q

The organ systems begin to develop During the _______period

A

Embryonic

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8
Q

Formation of the bilaminar germ disk happens during the

A

Germinal period

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9
Q

The highest sensitivity of to congenital malformation (physical birth defect) is during which period

A

Embryonic

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10
Q

The cranial position of a fetus refers to

A

The head

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11
Q

The dorsal position refers to

A

The spine

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12
Q

The caudal position refers to the

A

Tail

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13
Q

The ventral position refers to the

A

Front

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14
Q

Fertilization usually occurs in the_______of the Fallopian tube

A

Ampullae region

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15
Q

With each mitotic division of the zygote, each divided cell and gets smaller and smaller and are called

A

Blastomeres

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16
Q

The membrane which keeps the zygote the same size despite the mitotic divisions is called the

A

Zoma pellucida

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17
Q

The blastomeres and the zona pellucida are collectively called

A

The morula

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18
Q

The outer cell mass of the morulais also called the_______and will give rise to the fetal portion of the

A

Trophoblasts

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19
Q

The inner cell mass of the morula is also called the______since it is where the embryo will form

A

Embryoblast

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20
Q

Prior to implantation, the trophoblasts (outer mass) differentiates into

A

Cystotrophoblasts
Syncytiotrophoblasts

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21
Q

The uterine epithelium is invaded by the________which initiates implantation

A

Syncytiotroblasts

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22
Q

The blastocyst will implant on the_______of the uterus by end of day 6

A

Posterior superior

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23
Q

Ectopic pregnancy happens when when the fertilized egg

A

Grows outside of the uterus

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24
Q

The most common ectopic pregnancies is when the uterus grows in the

A

Fallopian tubes

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25
Q

Tubal pregnancies has signs similar to

A

Normal pregnancy

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26
Q

Tubal pregnancies if left untreated can cause the Fallopian tube to

A

Rupture

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27
Q

Early ectopic pregnancies can be treated with medication called methotrexate _______which essentially kills the zygote

A
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28
Q

Late diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies are treated

A

Surgically

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29
Q

The bilaminar germ disc is formed by

A

Week 2

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30
Q

The space which becomes the bilaminar germ disc are occupied by 2 types of cells. What are they

A

Epiblast

Hypoblast

31
Q

Spaces formed within the syncyttiotropoblasts which allow blood vessels of the mother to fill are called

A

Trophoblastic lacunae

32
Q

This membrane protects the embryo

A

Amniotic membrane

33
Q

The bilaminar germ disc is suspended with the_______above it and the_______below it

A

Amniotic cavity; primitive yolk sac

34
Q

When the extraembryonic cavity dissociates, the outer space surrounding the embryo is now called

A

Chorionic cavity

35
Q

Gastrulation begins by the end of

A

Week 2

36
Q

Gastrulation starts with the formation of the

A

Primitive streak

37
Q

These cells migrate through the primitive streak

A

Epiblasts

38
Q

After the formation of the primitive streak, the epiblasts invades and replaces these cells

A

Hypoblasts

39
Q

The mesoderm is divided into 3 sections, composing of 2 of each. What are they

A

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral

40
Q

The intermediate mesoderm forms the

A

Kidneys and gonads

41
Q

The lateral mesoderm splits into

A

Somatic and Splanchnic mesoderms

42
Q

Somatic mesoderms form the

A

Parietal Serosa
Dermis of ventral body region
Connective tissues of limbs

43
Q

The splanchnic mesoderm forms the

A

Heart

Blood vessels

Wall of digestive and repertory tracts

44
Q

The endoderm forms the

A

Epithelial lining and glands of digestive and respiratory tracts

45
Q

Ectoderm forms the

A

Epidermis
Hair
Nails
Brain and spinal cord
Neural crest

46
Q

The outer ectoderm forms

A

Hair
Nails
Mouth epithelium
Lens, cornea

47
Q

The neural crest of the ectoderm forms the

A

Peripheral nervous system Adrenal medulla
Melanocytes
Facial cartilage
Denting of teeth

48
Q

Neural tube

A

Brain
Neural pituitary
Spinal cord
Motor neurons
Retina

49
Q

Neurulation happens by the embryonic formation of the________by closure of the________

A

Neural tube; neural plate

50
Q

The neural plate is formed from the

A

Overlying ectoderm

51
Q

Which neuropore closes first?

Anterior
Posterior

A

Posterior

52
Q

In Gastrulation, the hypoblast turns into

A

Endoderm

53
Q

In Gastrulation, the the epiblasts turn into

A

The ectoderm

54
Q

Implantation occurs with the syncytiotrophoblasts degrades the ___________of the uterus

A

Endometrium

55
Q

The blastocyst is composed of which cells

A

Epiblasts and hypoblasts

56
Q

The prechordial plate consist of which cells

A

Epiblasts and hypoblasts

57
Q

a characteristic feature/happening during the 2nd week of
development is the

A

Lacunae spaces formed within the syncytiotrophoblast

58
Q

The secondary yolk sac is formed by the end of

A

Week 2

59
Q

Gastrulation begins by the end of

A

Week 2

60
Q

The process of a zygote developing into increasingly smaller blastomeres is known as

A

Cleavage

61
Q

Gastrulation is the formation of the

A

Trilaminar germ disc

62
Q

This structure surrounds the cells after fertilization as they compact to form the morula

A

Zona pellucida

63
Q

Implantation occurs on which day post fertilization

A

Day 6

64
Q

In the 3rd and 4th week of development, the endoderm layer lines the

A

GI tract in the stomach

65
Q

This germ layer forms the epithelial lining of the of the intestines

A

Endoderm

66
Q

Hypoblast cells displace into the

A

Secondary yolk sac

67
Q

Folic acid intake during pregnancy can prevent

A

Spina bifida

68
Q

Sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome) is caused by a loss of __________in the lumbar sacral region

A

Mesoderm

69
Q

Failure of The posterior neuropore closing leads to

A

Spina bifida

70
Q

Anencephaly (deflated head) is caused by the____________not closing

A

Anterior neuropore not closing

71
Q

Birth takes place__________weeks after the onset of the last menstrual cycle, or___________weeks after fertilization

A

40;38

72
Q

Development of the fetus develops_________to_________

A

Cranially;caudally

73
Q

The notochord is derived from the folding of the

A

Endoderm

Embrology (1 decks)

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