Weeks 1 & 2 Flashcards
Exam #1
Explain the Salter-Harris Classifications
Used to describe fractures with regards to pediatric growth plates.
Type 1 - fracture across physis without metaphyseal or epiphyseal injury
Tye 2 - extends into metaphysis
Type 3 - Extends into epiphysis
Tye 4 - through metaphysis and epiphysis
Type 5 - crush injury
What are the standard radiographic views of the shoulder?
A-P in ER (good view of greater tuberosity)
A-P in IR (good view of the lesser tuberosity)
A-P of AC joint
A-P of scapula
Lateral of Scapula
What are the two trauma views for radiographic imaging of the shoulder?
Axillary View (coracoid process, glenoid, humeral head) Scapular Y Lateral View (GH dislocations and subacromial space) also done with the beam projecting P-A or midline out.
Explain what a Bankart Lesion is.
(Fibrous) Bankart lesion is when there is labral detachment.
Bony Bankart Lesion is when there is a fracture of the glenoid.
What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?
deformity of the humeral head secondary to GH dislocation. Most common with posterior dislocations.
What are the four hallmark signs of osteoarthritis on radiographic imaging?
Sclerotic boarders(bone thickening)
Decreased Joint Space
Osteophytes
Subchondral bone cysts
What are the 4 descriptors of fractures?
Type
Communution - # of pieces of broken bone
Location
Displacememt - translation, angulation, shortening
What are the three indications for a bone scan?
- stress response (stress fx, suspicion not showing on other imaging)
- suspicino for boney mestastasis
- evaluation for polytrauma
Radioactive Isotopes commonly used for Bone Scans?
- technetium (Tc-99)
- methylene diphosphonate (MDP)
Define hyperechoic.
- structers w/ high-level echos
- seen as bright gray/white; ex: bone, tendon, fascia
Define hypoechoic.
- structures w/ low-level echos
- seen as gray: ex: muscle, synovial tissue, peripheral nerves
Define Anechoic.
- structures w/o internal reflectors
- no echos returned by sound waves
- seen as black: ex: fluid
T2 on MRI
- T2 decay (tranverse) - time it takes for the spin to lose energy in the transverse plane
- image created at low energy levels
- valuable for looking for imflammation
T1 on MRI
- T1 recovery (longitudinal) - time it takes for spins to realign with original magnetic field (longer than T2)
- image created at high energy levels giving good anatomic detail
- high signal intensity in fat
ABC’s of Radiographic Imaging
- Alignment
- Bone Density
- Cartilage Space
- Soft Tissues
Absorbed Dose
energy that is depostied in patient
Equivalent Dose
absorbed dose that is adjusted for harmful effects
Effective Dose
equivalent does that is adjusted for the harm that it causes to different tissues.
What are the standard radiographs used for the elbow?
A-P and Lateral
What is a nightstick fracture?
a fracture to the midportion of the ulna
What is a Monteggia fracture?
-proximal ulna fracture and radial head dislocation
What is a Galeazzi fracture?
-distal radius fracture with ulnar head dislocation
What is a Greenstick fracture?
it is an incomplete fracture due to flexibility of young bones, common in the forearm
What is a Torus (Buckle) Fracture?
distal radius irregularity
-generally subtle and very painful with weightbearing
What is osteonecrosis of the lunate called?
Keinbochs’s disease
What is a Colle’s fracture?
fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment, also includes a fracture of the ulnar styloid. Most common fracture of the wrist.
What is a Smith’s fracture?
it is the reverse of a Colle’s fracture
The distal fragment is angulated towards the palmar surface
What is a boxer’s fracture?
a fracture of the 5th metacarpal
What is a Bennett’s fracture?
fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
What is a Rolando fracture?
metacarpal base fracture with 3 fragments
What is a gamekeeper’s fracture?
it is an avulsion fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
MOI: hyperextension of the thumb
What is a volar plate fracture?
avulsion fracture of the middle phalanx on the palmar surface
What is a mallet finger deformity?
avulsion fracture at the base of the DIP, or tear of the ED at the DIP
