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Advanced Diagnostics > Weeks 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Weeks 1 & 2 Flashcards

Exam #1

1
Q

Explain the Salter-Harris Classifications

A

Used to describe fractures with regards to pediatric growth plates.
Type 1 - fracture across physis without metaphyseal or epiphyseal injury
Tye 2 - extends into metaphysis
Type 3 - Extends into epiphysis
Tye 4 - through metaphysis and epiphysis
Type 5 - crush injury

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2
Q

What are the standard radiographic views of the shoulder?

A

A-P in ER (good view of greater tuberosity)
A-P in IR (good view of the lesser tuberosity)
A-P of AC joint
A-P of scapula
Lateral of Scapula

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3
Q

What are the two trauma views for radiographic imaging of the shoulder?

A 
Axillary View (coracoid process, glenoid, humeral head)
Scapular Y Lateral View (GH dislocations and subacromial space) also done with the beam projecting P-A or midline out.
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4
Q

Explain what a Bankart Lesion is.

A

(Fibrous) Bankart lesion is when there is labral detachment.

Bony Bankart Lesion is when there is a fracture of the glenoid.

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5
Q

What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

A

deformity of the humeral head secondary to GH dislocation. Most common with posterior dislocations.

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6
Q

What are the four hallmark signs of osteoarthritis on radiographic imaging?

A

Sclerotic boarders(bone thickening)
Decreased Joint Space
Osteophytes
Subchondral bone cysts

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7
Q

What are the 4 descriptors of fractures?

A

Type
Communution - # of pieces of broken bone
Location
Displacememt - translation, angulation, shortening

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8
Q

What are the three indications for a bone scan?

A
  • stress response (stress fx, suspicion not showing on other imaging)
  • suspicino for boney mestastasis
  • evaluation for polytrauma
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9
Q

Radioactive Isotopes commonly used for Bone Scans?

A
  • technetium (Tc-99)

- methylene diphosphonate (MDP)

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10
Q

Define hyperechoic.

A
  • structers w/ high-level echos

- seen as bright gray/white; ex: bone, tendon, fascia

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11
Q

Define hypoechoic.

A
  • structures w/ low-level echos

- seen as gray: ex: muscle, synovial tissue, peripheral nerves

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12
Q

Define Anechoic.

A
  • structures w/o internal reflectors
  • no echos returned by sound waves
  • seen as black: ex: fluid
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13
Q

T2 on MRI

A
  • T2 decay (tranverse) - time it takes for the spin to lose energy in the transverse plane
  • image created at low energy levels
  • valuable for looking for imflammation
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14
Q

T1 on MRI

A
  • T1 recovery (longitudinal) - time it takes for spins to realign with original magnetic field (longer than T2)
  • image created at high energy levels giving good anatomic detail
  • high signal intensity in fat
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15
Q

ABC’s of Radiographic Imaging

A
  • Alignment
  • Bone Density
  • Cartilage Space
  • Soft Tissues
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16
Q

Absorbed Dose

A

energy that is depostied in patient

17
Q

Equivalent Dose

A

absorbed dose that is adjusted for harmful effects

18
Q

Effective Dose

A

equivalent does that is adjusted for the harm that it causes to different tissues.

19
Q

What are the standard radiographs used for the elbow?

A

A-P and Lateral

20
Q

What is a nightstick fracture?

A

a fracture to the midportion of the ulna

21
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

-proximal ulna fracture and radial head dislocation

22
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

-distal radius fracture with ulnar head dislocation

23
Q

What is a Greenstick fracture?

A

it is an incomplete fracture due to flexibility of young bones, common in the forearm

24
Q

What is a Torus (Buckle) Fracture?

A

distal radius irregularity

-generally subtle and very painful with weightbearing

25
Q

What is osteonecrosis of the lunate called?

A

Keinbochs’s disease

26
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture?

A

fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment, also includes a fracture of the ulnar styloid. Most common fracture of the wrist.

27
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A

it is the reverse of a Colle’s fracture

The distal fragment is angulated towards the palmar surface

28
Q

What is a boxer’s fracture?

A

a fracture of the 5th metacarpal

29
Q

What is a Bennett’s fracture?

A

fracture of the base of the first metacarpal

30
Q

What is a Rolando fracture?

A

metacarpal base fracture with 3 fragments

31
Q

What is a gamekeeper’s fracture?

A

it is an avulsion fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
MOI: hyperextension of the thumb

32
Q

What is a volar plate fracture?

A

avulsion fracture of the middle phalanx on the palmar surface

33
Q

What is a mallet finger deformity?

A

avulsion fracture at the base of the DIP, or tear of the ED at the DIP

Advanced Diagnostics (1 decks)

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