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NUR 258 (Psychology) > Weeks 1, 2, 3 & Mock exam (Multi-choice) > Flashcards

Weeks 1, 2, 3 & Mock exam (Multi-choice) Flashcards

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1
Q

The term that describes the idea that human behaviour is determined by genetics and biology is:

a. Prefrontal Lobotomy
b. nurture
c. nature
d. DNA

A

c. Nature

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2
Q

The theory that behaviour is driven by unconscious provesses is known as:

a. psychoanalytic
b. behavioural
c. cognitive
d. ecletic

A

a. psychoanalytic

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3
Q

The idea that constitutional predisposition combined with enviromental stress will lead to mental illness is known as:

a. positive growth
b. the diathesis-stress model
c. unacceptable theorising
d. Schizophrenia

A

b. the diathesis-stress model

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4
Q

Internalising the moral standards of society is Freud’s idea of:

a. the id
b. latent thought processes
c. cognitive behavioural functioning
d. superego

A

d. superego

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5
Q

Avoiding talking to or seeing someone because you like them is an example of which of Freud’s defence mechanisms?

a. Reaction formation
b. projection
c. Denial
d. Repression

A

a. Reaction formation

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6
Q

Freud’s ideas of the unconscious influences on behaviour have been criticised because:

a. it is difficult to test
b. there is little good evidence to support it
c. it does not give an accurate account of woman
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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7
Q

Changing what you do of the consequences of your behaviour is known as:

a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. modelling
d. vicarious learning

A

b. operant conditioning

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8
Q

Aaron Beck claimed that depression occurs because of:

a. Biological malfunctions
b. post-traumatic stress disorder
c. cognitive distortions such as selectively believing negative information about yourself
d. modelling by peers

A

c. cognitive distortions such as selectively believing negative information about yourself

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9
Q

One criticism of cognitive psychology by social psychology is that:

a. thoughts can cause feelings
b. feelings can cause thoughts
c. thoughts and feeling are caused by behaviour
d. behaviour causes thoughts and feelings

A

b. feelings can cause thoughts

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10
Q

‘The convergence of interests between humanistic and positive (a cognitive model) psychology is called what kind of approach in psychology?

a. Cognitive behavioural
b. Sociological
c. pop psychology
d. eclectic

A

d. eclectic

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11
Q

Socialogical theories tend to focus on:

a. social forces in society
b. demographic factors
c. group behaviour
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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12
Q

Thomas Szasz believed that:

a. the social bonds of attachment are overly strong and people do not have a sense of self
b. psychiatrists excercise coercive domination over others and make the problems contributing to mental illness worse, not better
c. all behaviour is determined by the enviroment
d. behaviour is caused by unconscious motivations

A

b. psychiatrists excercise coercive domination over others and make the problems contributing to mental illness worse, not better

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13
Q

One critique of sociological theories is that they:

a. are overly correlational
b. focus too much on causes
c. are individualistic
d. are too difficult to understand

A

a. are overly correlational

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14
Q

The clearest example of a nature theory is:

a. self-actualization
b. behaviourism
c. Durkheims anomie
d. biomedical model

A

d. biomedical model

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15
Q

In twin studies heredity accounts for less than 50% in predicting schizophrenia. This shows that:

a. it is important to study the neurobiology of schizophrenics
b. both nature and nurture need to be accounted for to understand schizophrenia
c. Gottesman was correct to rear siblings together
d. you cannot escape your destiny

A

b. both nature and nurture need to be accounted for to understand schizophrenia

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16
Q

The _____________ model emphasises the presence or absence of disease, pathogens or symptoms.

a. social
b. psychological
c. biomedical
d. biopsychosocial

A

c. biomedical

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17
Q

In 1950 ___________ made it possible for people diagnosed with schizoprenia to live in the community rather than being institutionilised.

a. psychiatric counselling
b. anti-psychotic medication, chlorpromazine
c. witchcraft
d. cognitive behavioural therapy

A

b. anti-psychotic medication, chlorpromazine

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18
Q

The world health organisation defines health as a state of complete:

a. absence of disease and infirmity
b. physical and emotional stability
c. historical, cultural and political understanding
d. physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

A

d. physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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19
Q

To generate living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable is the action relating to which of the Ottawa Charter strategies?

a. Create supportive enviroments
b. Build health public policy
c. Develop personal skills
d. Reorient health services

A

a. Create supportive enviroments

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20
Q

Mortality figures have improved for some health conditions over the past 25 years in Australia. Name two health condition for which mortality has gotten worse.

a. Colon and breast cancer
b. Stroke and breast cancer
c. Diabetes mellitus and suicide
d. Diabets mellitus and colon cancer

A

c. Diabetes mellitus and suicide

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21
Q

Health psychology has been critcised for:

a. blaming individuals for their poor health behaviours
b. ignoring the social determinants of health
c. psychologising health too much
d. both a and b

A

d. both a and b

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22
Q

Sleeping between seven and eight a day, eating breakfast, rarely eating between meals, being roughly the appropriate weight, not smoking, drinking alcohol in moderation or not at all and engaging in physical activity have been found to:

a. Substantially reduce a person’s overall quality of life
b. significantly reduce an individual’s risk of dying at any age
c. increase a person’s perception of colour
d. increase an individuals risk of coronary heart disease

A

b. significantly reduce an individual’s risk of dying at any age

23
Q

Type D personality has been described as:

a. distressed personality
b. resilience
c. delightful personality
d. relaxed and quiet

A

a. distressed personality

24
Q

An individuals belief as to whether outcomes or events in their life are brought about by themselves(internally) or through others(externally) is called:

a. personality
b. resilience
c. self-efficay
d. locus of control

A

d. locus of control

25
Q

The social gradient, stress, early life experiences, social exclusion, work, unemployment, social support, addiction, food and transport have been identified by the WHO as the top 10:

a. causes of alcholism
b. social determinants of health
c. components of living
d. personality traits influencing health

A

b. social determinants of health

26
Q

The social model of health involves:

a. a person’s social situation and the social situation of their country
b. a person’s immediate social situation
c. a person’s wider social situation
d. the sociopolitical situation of their country

A

a. a person’s social situation and the social situation of their country

27
Q

Which are likely to be potent social determinants of health?

a. Poverty
b. Networks
c. unemployment
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

28
Q

What is one important implication of treating health as a human right?

a. Doctors need to employ lawyers
b. More money must come from the united nations
c. Individuals often have little control over the social determinants.
d. Medicines need to be distributed world wide

A

c. Individuals often have little control over the social determinants.

29
Q

Which is considered a intermediary determinant of health?

a. Quality of the welfare state
b. Behaviour and biology
c. Material circumstances
d. All of the above

A

b. Behaviour and biology

30
Q

Health can be improved through:

a. planting trees to improve the enviroment
b. more roads for bicycles
c. strong neighbourhoods
d. centralised hospitals

A

c. strong neighbourhoods

31
Q

Which of the following is not a stressor?

a. Attending a work interview
b. Winning the lottery
c. Watching a movie
d. Self talk

A

c. Watching a movie

32
Q

Stress and health can be viewed as:

a. stimulus, response and consequence
b. stimulus and response
c. response, stimulus and process
d. none of the above

A

c. response, stimulus and process

33
Q

Common physical symptoms of stress are?

a. shaking
b. dry mouth, palpitations and insomnia
c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia
d. sweating

A

c. dry mouth, palpitations, appetite changes and insomnia

34
Q

The activation of the endocrine system upon stress results in:

a. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and dilated pupils
b. elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, diverted blood supply and dilated pupils
c. the secretion of cortisol
d. the secretion of catecholamines

A

c. the secretion of cortisol

35
Q

The two Whitehall studies found that:

a. members of parliament in the UK smoked more because of stress
b. members of parliament in the UK were stressed
c. low control over predicted heart disease
d. higher status cival servants had more heart disease

A

c. low control over predicted heart disease

36
Q

What is a phase of the GAS(General adaption Syndrome)

a. Resistance
b. Exhaustion
c. Alarm reaction
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

37
Q

What is a limitation of Hans Selye’s work on stress?

a. He did not consider burnout
b. He ignored disease models
c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats
d. He did not come up with an anti-vaccine

A

c. He did not include anticipated or imagined threats

38
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

a. Catecholamines increase upon immediate stress
b. Cortisol increase upon immediate stress
c. Arousal and performace relate in a U-curve
d. Arousal and stress relate in a U-curve

A

c. Arousal and performace relate in a U-curve

39
Q

Which of the following areas can have protective functions?

a. Genetic
b. Political events
c. Community events
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

40
Q

If we were to ban the growing and sale of tobacco using policy, this would be referred to as:

a. Upstream
b. midstream
c. Downstream
d. None of the above

A

a. Upstream

41
Q

Going to your GP when you are sick refers to ——— intervention.

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. None of the above

A

b. Secondary

42
Q

Finding ways to help care for MS sufferers refers to ———–intervention.

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. None of the above

A

c. Tertiary

43
Q

Most but not all tertiary interventions are:

a. Upstream
b. Midstream
c. Downstream
d. None of the above

A

c. Downstream

44
Q

Why is behaviour as important as diseases for health professionals?

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases
b. Because behaviour causes disease
c. Because we can change it, but we cannot change disease
d. Because it provides more employment for health practionioners

A

a. Because behaviours can lead to diseases and also lead to improvements in diseases

45
Q

Which is not one of the main theories of psychology are:

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change
b. Behavioural and learning theories
c. Cognitive psychology
d. Health belief model

A

a. Pan-theoretic behaviour change

46
Q

The three major learning/conditioning theories in psychology are:

a. Classical, operant and consequential
b. Classical, baroque and social
c. Classical, operant and behavioural
d. Classical, operant and social

A

d. Classical, operant and social

47
Q

What are the three components of a behavioural change program?

a. Stop, look and listen
b. Finding the antecedents, watching the behaviour and noting the consequences
c. Noting the antecedents, watching the behaviour and finding the consequences
d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring/recording behaviour

A

d. Selecting the target behaviour, identifying the current contingencies and measuring/recording behaviour

48
Q

Cognitive theories propose:

a. others peoples behaviour is guided by what we think of them
b. our behaviour is guided by what people think about is
c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things
d. our cognitive processes affect our thinking

A

c. we are not affected by things but by our perceptions of things

49
Q

The health belief mode is an example of which psychological theory?

a. Behavioural and learning theories
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Learning theories only
d. Behaviour theories only

A

b. Cognitive psychology

50
Q

What does the theory of planned action add to previous cognitive theories of behaviour change?

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes
b. Planning of actions
c. Acting on plans
d. The individuals percieved plans for change

A

a. The individuals perceived ability to make the changes

51
Q

The main addition of the transtheorectical model of behavioural change to other models is:

a. people move forward through stages of change
b. It includes all the other theories within it
c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage
d. all of the above

A

c. that there are stages of change and interventions must be appropriate to the stage

52
Q

In the 1970’s health promotion initiatives included:

a Health education and counselling regarding lifestyle changes

b. Ilness prevention
c. Lifestyle education such as stress management
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

53
Q

In the 1980’s what became important in health promotion?

a. changing the societal and political enviroment
b. social marketing methods
c. More intuitive counselling for lifestyle
d. Personal trainers for lifestyle

A

a. changing the societal and political enviroment

54
Q

Population interventions are referred to as:

a. Upstream
b. Midstream
c. Downstream
d. None of the above

A

a. upstream

NUR 258 (Psychology) (1 decks)

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