weekly quizzes questions Flashcards
the class of organic molecules defined by a physical property rather than a structure are the…
lipids
which component of amino acids differs from one amino acid to another?
the side chain
an organic molecule must contain which element?
carbon
what feature of noncovalent molecular interactions makes them so important to life?
they are weak in a cellular environment so they can be made broken and reformed easily
a bacterial cell, a plant cell, and an animal cell have which structure in common?
cytoplasm
the random movement of molecules within a solution is reffered to as?
diffusion
the plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. What else is commonly found in the plasma membranes of animal cells?
cholesterol
which bacterial growth phases shows a net zero population growth rate?
lag and stationary
secondary structure is characterized by which type of interactions?
hydrogen bonding within the peptide backbone
the fully folded structure of a functional protein composed of a single polypeptide chain is referred to as
tertiary structure
exceptions to the central dogma
viruses
in a deoxyribonucleotide, what chemical group is found at the 2’ carbon of the sugar component?
a hydrogen
in the process of transcription, the RNA transcript is synthesized in what direction
5’ to 3’
transcription continues until
a terminator sequence is encountered
in E.Coli the molecule responsible for promoter recognition is referred to as
the sigma factor
a polymerization reaction is made irreversible by
hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate group
in prokaryotes, the process of transcription and translation are said to be coupled, which means that…
they are coupled in space and time
alternative splicing means that….
different spliced forms contain different combinations of exons
a peptide bond between two amino acids is catalyzed by…
the rRNA component of the large subunit of a ribosome
in what order does a charged tRNA move through the sites of a ribosome?
the tRNA binds with the A site, then is moved to the P site then the E site as the ribosome shifts
when a peptide bond is created between two amino acids how do they join?
the carboxyl group of the first amino acid is joined to the amino group of the second
how many different types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are there?
20
which type of protein interacts directly with a stop codon?
release factor
in prokaryotes, inducers are small molecules that bind to_____ and ______ transcription
repressors and promote transcription
for the lactose operon, lactose is an…
inducer
why are primers needed for DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing chain
when we say that DNA replication is semiconservative, we mean that…
when DNA is replicated, each new double helix contains one parental strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand
during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to…
electron carriers and ATP
During PCR, where does the energy come from that adds the nucleotide to the growing DNA strand?
the incoming nucleotides
where does the oxygen come from that is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
from the breakdown of water
in the overall reactions of photosynthesis, the electrons from_____ are used to reduce______
H2O and CO2
the reducing agent during the Calvin cycle is
NADPH
what is the initial carbon input in the calvin cycle?
CO2
what are the products of the light-dependant reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the reactions in the calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
the terminal electron acceptor of a photosynthetic electron transport chain is
NADP+
