Weekly quiz 8: Respiratory Flashcards by Lucas Roth

If arterial PCO2 increases, pH
Group of answer choices
Increases
Decreases
Does not change

Decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When we travel to very high elevation, how would our respiratory feedback loops change (compared with Massachusetts)?
Group of answer choices

Respiration would be primarily driven by a drop in oxygen rather than an increase in CO2

Respiration would be primarily driven by an increase in CO2 rather than a drop in oxygen

The primary driver for respiration would not change

Respiration would be primarily driven by a drop in oxygen rather than an increase in CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When we travel to altitude, the percentage of oxygen in the air
Group of answer choices

Increases

Decreases

Does not change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shortly after arriving at altitude, blood pH would
Group of answer choices

Rise

Fall

Remain unchanged

Rise

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If air is moving from the atmosphere to the lung, we know that
Group of answer choices

Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

Intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

Intrapulmonary pressure must be equal to atmospheric pressure

Any of the above could be true depending on the situation

Intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

. The primary resistance airways are the
Group of answer choices

Alveoli

Bronchioles

Secondary bronchi

Primary bronchi

Trachea

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many choice: Which of the following would increase the rate of gas diffusion across the blood-air barrier (in the lung)?
Group of answer choices

Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen without increasing barometric pressure

Increasing barometric pressure without increasing the partial pressure of oxygen

Pulmonary edema

Pneumothorax

Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen without increasing barometric pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If someone increased minute ventilation from 6 liters per minute to 12 liters per minute while arterial PCO2 remained steady at 41 mm Hg (normal), they would be
Group of answer choices

Hyperventilating

Hypoventilating

Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating (Euventilation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If we injected lactic acid into the bloodstream of a resting individual,
Group of answer choices

Ventilation would increase.

Ventilation would decrease.

Ventilation would not change.

Ventilation would increase.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Within hours of arriving at high altitude, which of the following changes helps to restore homeostasis?
Group of answer choices

We increase the hemoglobin in our blood

We decrease hemoglobin in our blood

We increase pulmonary ventilation

We decrease pulmonary ventilation

We increase pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many choice: Important functions of the upper respiratory system and conducting airways include
Group of answer choices

Humidifying the air

Exchange of oxygen between the blood and atmosphere

Removing unwanted particles from the air

Absorption of some amino acids

Humidifying the air

Removing unwanted particles from the air

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Imagine that a person is hypoventilating. How could they increase gas exchange without changing minute ventilation?
Group of answer choices

By taking faster, shallower breaths

By taking slower, deeper breaths

The person could not increase gas exchange without increasing minute ventilation

By taking slower, deeper breaths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many choice: Epinephrine causes which of the following?
Group of answer choices

Smooth muscle contraction.

Smooth muscle relaxation.

Increased cardiac contractility.

Decreased cardiac contractility.

Smooth muscle contraction.

Smooth muscle relaxation.

Increased cardiac contractility.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When we travel to altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air
Group of answer choices

Increases

Decreases

Does not change

Decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During exercise, internal respiration ________________ from resting.
Group of answer choices

Increases

Decreases

Does not change

Increases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In which of the following situations would hemoglobin unload the most oxygen?
Group of answer choices

If the partial pressure of oxygen dropped from 100 mm Hg to 80 mm Hg

If the partial pressure of oxygen dropped from 45 mm Hg to 25 mm Hg

If the percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen did not change

If the partial pressure of oxygen increased from 25 mm Hg to 45 mm Hg

If the partial pressure of oxygen increased from 80 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg

If the partial pressure of oxygen dropped from 45 mm Hg to 25 mm Hg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following epithelial tissue types would you find in exchange surfaces in the lung?
Group of answer choices

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium without mucus

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells that secrete mucous

Stratified squamous epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Y-axis of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve depicts
Group of answer choices

The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen

The percentage of hemoglobin bound to CO2

The partial pressure of oxygen

The partial pressure of CO2

The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following would be suspected if FEV1/FVC is below normal?
Group of answer choices

Obstructive lung disease

Restrictive lung disease

Renal disease

Cardiovascular disease

Obstructive lung disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tidal volume refers to

The volume of air exhaled in a normal breath

The maximum volume of air exhaled after normal inhalation

The maximum volume of air inhaled after normal exhalation

The maximum volume of air exhaled that can be exhaled following maximum inhalation

The volume of air exhaled in a normal breath

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If a person’s minute ventilation remained constant at 6 liters per minute, while their arterial PCO2 increased from 39 mm Hg to 52 mm Hg, they would be

Hyperventilating

Hypoventilating

Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating (Euventilation)

Hypoventilating

Many choice: Which of the following would increase oxygen loading in the lung?

Breathing 100% oxygen

Taking slower, deeper breaths

Taking faster, shallower breaths

Breathing 100% oxygen

Taking slower, deeper breaths

Air moves from

High pressure to low pressure

Low pressure to high pressure

Warm temperature to cold temperature

Cold temperature to warm temperature

High pressure to low pressure

After achieving homeostasis while running at a low intensity, a person would be
Group of answer choices

Hyperventilating

Hypoventilating

Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating

During the first day at altitude, we would expect to see Group of answer choices Increased blood pH Decreased blood pH No change in blood pH

Increased blood pH

Many choice: If we want to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air, we could Group of answer choices Increase barometric pressure (like in a chamber) Increase the percentage of oxygen Decrease CO2 (replacing with nitrogen)

Increase barometric pressure (like in a chamber) Increase the percentage of oxygen

If a person breathes at 12 breaths per minute and has a tidal volume of 500 mL, what is their minute ventilation? Group of answer choices 3 liters/min 4 liters/min 5 liters/min 6 liters/min 7 liters/min

6 liters/min

Many choice: When we exercise, epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla to help restore homeostasis. Effectors in the feedback loops that sustain increased metabolism include Group of answer choices Cardiac muscle Vascular smooth muscle Bronchial smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle Vascular smooth muscle Bronchial smooth muscle

Most oxygen in the blood travels Group of answer choices Dissolved Bound to hemoglobin Bound to plasma proteins

Bound to hemoglobin

Many choice: If we begin to take slower, deeper breaths without changing minute ventilation, which of the following occur? Group of answer choices Anatomic dead space increases. Anatomic dead space decreases. Alveolar ventilation increases. Alveolar ventilation decreases.

Alveolar ventilation increases.

If a pulmonary artery were blocked, the arterioles distal to that artery would Group of answer choices Constrict Dilate Not change diameter

Constrict

If partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus changes from 100 mm Hg to 90 mm Hg, the amount of oxygen carried from the lung will Group of answer choices Drop more than 10% Drop about 10% Drop less than 10% Increase 10% Increase more than 10%

Drop less than 10%

If partial pressure of oxygen in systemic interstitial fluid changes from 40 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg, the amount of oxygen diffusing from the blood to the tissue will Group of answer choices Drop more than 10% Drop about 10% Drop less than 10% Increase 10% Increase more than 10%

Increase more than 10%

Which variable is depicted on the X-axis of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? Group of answer choices PCO2 PN2 PO2 % Oxy-Hb % Deoxy-Hb

PO2

Many choice: If systemic PCO2 increases, sensors in which of the following areas would stimulate the sympathetic nervous system? Group of answer choices The aortic arch and carotid bodies The brain Arterial smooth muscle bronchial smooth muscle

The aortic arch and carotid bodies The brain

Most CO2 in the blood is carried as Group of answer choices Dissolved CO2 Bicarbonate Bound to hemoglobin None of these answers is correct

Bicarbonate

When arterial PO2 drops, which effector helps restore homeostasis? Group of answer choices Chemoreceptors Baroreceptors Skeletal muscle The central nervous system The pancreas

Skeletal muscle

During exercise, external respiration ______________ from resting. Group of answer choices Increases Decreases Remains unchanged

Increases

After someone suffers a complete pneumothorax, intrapleural pressure will be _______ than atmospheric pressure Group of answer choices Higher than Lower than Equal to

Equal to

Many choice: Which of the following would decrease the amount of oxygen diffusing across the alveolar membrane? Group of answer choices Increasing the distance between the air and blood. Decreasing anatomic dead space. Increasing physiologic dead space.

Increasing physiologic dead space. Increasing the distance between the air and blood.

Sensors in the feedback loop that controls breathing are located in Group of answer choices The heart Major veins Major arteries The kidneys Lymph nodes

Major arteries

If we increase the volume of our lungs, pressure Group of answer choices Increases Decreases Does not change

Decreases

Many choice: Which of the following are components of the upper respiratory system? Group of answer choices The larynx The pharynx Bronchioles The trachea Alveoli

The larynx The pharynx The trachea

In a person with left heart failure, which of the following would compromise oxygen loading in the lung? (In left heart failure, pressure in the left side of the heart increases because the heart can't pump blood as well.) Group of answer choices Reduced solubility of oxygen in water Reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus Reduced surface area for diffusion Increased distance between the air and blood

Increased distance between the air and blood

After achieving homeostasis while running at a low intensity, a person would be Group of answer choices Hyperventilating Hypoventilating Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating

Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating

If arterial PCO2 is 30 mm Hg, PO2 is 100 mm Hg, and pH is 7.2, we are Group of answer choices Hyperventilating Hypoventilating Neither hyperventilating nor hypoventilating

Hyperventilating

When we are inhaling, intrapulmonary pressure is ________________ than atmospheric pressure Group of answer choices Higher than Lower than Equal to

Lower than

Oxygen delivery in an anemic person would be Group of answer choices Lower than normal Higher than normal Normal

Higher than normal

Which of the following would change if a pulmonary artery were blocked? Group of answer choices Anatomic dead space Physiologic dead space

Physiologic dead space

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve of a moderately anemic person at rest would be Group of answer choices Shifted to the right Shifted to the left Not be shifted

Not be shifted

Many choice: Why do most particles from the environment not enter the blood in our lungs? Group of answer choices The upper respiratory system and conducting airways trap particles in the mucus membrane The mucus escalator moves particles and mucus away from the alveoli Type 1 pneumocytes provide significant protection against intruders

The upper respiratory system and conducting airways trap particles in the mucus membrane The mucus escalator moves particles and mucus away from the alveoli