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Database Design & Development > Week_2 > Flashcards

Week_2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is metadata?

A

System catalog / data dictionary

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of Databases?

A
  • Single user: Supports only one user at a time.
  • Multi-user: Supports multiple users at the same time.
  • Centralized: Supports data being located at a single site.
  • Distributed: Supports data being distributed across several sites.
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3
Q

What are the 5 components of DBMS Environment?

A
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Data
  • Procedures
  • People
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4
Q

Name 4 Components of a Database.

A
  • Meta-data repository (data dictionary)
  • Data repository (Actual storage facility)
  • Database interface (link between the data contained in the database and the external world)
  • CASE tools
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5
Q

Name some advantages of Integrated DBMS.

A
  • Better control of data redundancy
  • Improved data consistency
  • Improved data security
  • Increased productivity
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6
Q

Name some disadvantages of DBMS.

A
  • High cost
  • Size of DBMS
  • Complexity
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7
Q

Name 5 People’s Roles in the Database Environment.

A
  • Data Administrators (DA)
  • Database Administrators (DBA)
  • Database Designers (Logical & physical)
  • Application programmers
  • End users
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8
Q

What is the concept of ‘Views’ with a DBMS?

A
  • Allow each user to have his or her own view of the database.
  • Security: Allow viewing of data without permission to change contents of a database.
  • The user can only see parts of the data contained in the database.
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9
Q

Name some benefits of ‘Views’.

A
  • Provide a level of security.
  • Provide a mechanism to customize the appearance of the database.
  • Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the structure of the database, even if the underlying database is changed.
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10
Q

What does the ANSI-SPARC, 3 Level Architecture provide?

A

This conceptual architecture:
- Provides a basis of understanding some of the functionality of a DBMS
- Emphasizes the implementation-independent layers needed to separate application programs from the data

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11
Q

What are the 3 levels of ANSI-SPARC Architecture?

A
  • External Level
  • Conceptual Level
  • Internal Level
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12
Q

What is the External Level of ANSI-SPARC Architecture?

A

The way users perceive the data in the External level.

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13
Q

What is the Conceptual Level of ANSI-SPARC Architecture?

A

The conceptual level provides the mapping details, and aids the separation/independence between other two levels. (Logical structure of entire database)

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14
Q

What is the Internal level of ANSI-SPARC Architecture?

A

The way the operating system and DBMS perceive the data is the Internal level. (How data is organized)

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15
Q

Name 3 objectives of ‘Users’.

A
  • All users should be able to access the same data.
  • A user’s view is immune to changes made in other views.
  • Users should not need to know the physical database storage details.
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16
Q

Name 3 objectives of ‘Database Administrators’ (DBA).

A
  • DBA should be able to change the database storage structure without affecting the users’ views.
  • Internal structure of a database should be unaffected by the changes to the physical aspects of storage.
  • DBA should be able to change the conceptual structure of a database without affecting all users.
17
Q

What is a ‘Schema’?

A

A schema is means of defining a view: An external schema defines an external view, the conceptual schema defines the conceptual view etc…

18
Q

What are 3 types of Schemas?

A
  • Internal schemas (Describes the data storage structures and the access paths)
  • Conceptual schemas (Describes the structure and constraints for the whole database: Entities, attributes, relationships etc…)
  • External schemas (Describe the various user views)
19
Q

What does Logical Data Independence refer to?

A

Refers to the immunity of external schemas to changes in the conceptual schema.

20
Q

What does Physical Data Independence refer to?

A

Refers to the immunity of conceptual schema to changes in the internal schema.

21
Q

Name some functions of a DBMS.

A
  • Data storing
  • Retrieval
  • Update
22
Q

What is a System Catalog?

A

A system catalog is a repository of information (metadata) describing the data in the database.

23
Q

What does a system catalog typically store?

A
  • Names, types and sizes of data items.
  • constraints on the data.
  • Names of authorized data.
  • Usage statistics.

Database Design & Development (5 decks)

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