Week4: Central/petipheral Nervous System

Question 0

What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of

Answer 0

The PNS consist of neurons that convey messages to and from the central nervous system

Question 1

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consists of

Answer 1

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is the somatic nervous system

Answer 2

The somatic nervous system transmits sensory information through the CNS and carries out motor commands.

Under PNS

Question 3

What is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

The autonomic nervous system ( ANS) conveys information to and from internal bodily structures that carry out basic life processes such as digestion and respiration

Question 4

What is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

The sympathetic nervous system is activated in response to threats. It’s job is to ready the body for fight or flight.

Question 5

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

The parasympathetic nervous system supports the routine activities that maintain the body’s store of energy

Question 6

Bane 3 parts of the brain

Answer 6

1. The hindbrain- is several structures located above the spinal cord. Consists of medulla oblongata, cerebulla, reticular formation
2. The midbrain- helps coordinate movement patterns, sleep, arousal (centre). Consists of tectum & tegmentum
3. The forebrain- involved in complex sensory, emotional & behavioural processes. Consists of hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebrum (top)

Question 7

What is the medulla oblongata

Answer 7

It’s the lowest brainstorm structure ( actually an extension of the spinal cord that links to brain)

Medulla is essential to life, controlling heartbeat, circulation and respiration

Question 8

What is the cerebellum

Answer 8

Large structure at the back of brain involved in movement functions, learning, and sensory discrimination

Question 9

What is the reticular formation

Answer 9

Network of neurons involved in conscious and arousal that extends from lowest part of the medulla to the upper end of midbrain

Sends axon to many parts of the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

What are pons

Answer 10

They link medulla and cerebellum with upper part of brain

Question 11

The midbrain

What is the tectum

Answer 11

Tectum are structures that involved in vision and hearing

Question 12

What is the tegmentum

Answer 12

Involved in movement and arousal

Plays a part in learning to produce behaviours that minimise unpleasant ( aversive) consequences and maximise pleasant ( rewarding) consequence

Question 13

The forebrain

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 13

Located at the front of the forebrain adjacent to the pituitary gland

Accounts for 0.3% of brain weight and helps regulate behaviours from eating, sleeping, sexual activity and emotional experience

Question 14

What is the thalamus

Answer 14

Set of nuclei located above the hypothalamus

Processes incoming sensory information and transmits it to higher brain areas

Question 15

What is the limbic system

Answer 15

Set of structures with diverse functions such as emotion, motivation, learning and memory

Question 16

What are the main structures of the limbic system

Answer 16

Septal Area- nuclei involved in pleasure, relief from pain, and emotionally significant learning

Amygdala -

Hippocampus

Question 17

What is the amygdala ( almond)

Answer 17

• almond shaped

- involved in emotional process ( learning and remembering)

Question 18

What is the hippocampus ( hippo the elephant of the water)

Answer 18

• storing new information in memory

Question 19

What is the basal ganglia

Answer 19

• set of structures

- functions of movement and judgement that require minimal conscious thought

Question 20

What is cerebral cortex

Answer 20

• primary areas - process raw sensory data except in frontal lobe
• association areas - involved in complex mental processes as thinking and perception
• 2 hemispheres each with 4 lobes
  Left - analytic
  Right- holistic