Week3 Flashcards
What is the mass effect of the pituitary?
the tumor is large enough to damage the pituitary gland or surrounding tissue
Pituitary microadenoma vs macroadenoma
Micro: benign tumor less than 10 mm. Can present with mass effect.
Macro: benign tumor >10mm
Bitemporal hemianopsia
visual field defect where there is a loss of vision in the outer half of both eyes
* can be due to mass effect
Pituitary apoplexy
pituitary hemorrhages/loss of blood supply
Sheehan syndrome
- damage to the pituitary due to significant blood loss
- type of pituitary apoplexy
- occurs in women after childbirth
Empty sella syndrome
*pituitary is absent or flattened within the sella turcica
Lactotroph adenoma
benign tumor in pituitary gland that produces prolactin
Somatotroph adenoma
tumor of the pituitary that produces growth hormone
Corticotroph adenoma
tumor that develops in the pituitary and produces ACTH
diabetes insipidus
Posterior pituitary; excessive thirst and urination
*Central DI: pituitary gland damaged; cannot produce vasopressin
*Nephrogenic DI: kidneys do not respond to vasopressin produced
SIADH
body produces too much ADH
Craniopharyngioma
Hypothalamic suprasellar tumor. benign growing near the pituitary. Slow growth
Hypergastrinemia
Elevated gastrin levels (regulates stomach acid levels) by use of too much PPIs
Name 3 PanNETs
Hyperinsulinism
Hypergastrinemia
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Hyperinsulinism
pancreas produces too much insulin –> hypoglycemia
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
rare digestive disorder that occurs when tumors in the pancreas or small intestine cause the stomach to produce too much acid
Somatotrophs produce
Growth hormone
Mammosomatotrophs produce
GH and prolactin
Cortioctrophs produce
ACTH, POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), MSH
Lactotrophs produce
prolactin
Thyrotrophs produce
TSH
Gonadotrophs produce
FSH, LH
Hyperpituitarism
excess secretion of trophic hormones
ex) Hyperplasia, adenomas, carcinomas of anterior pituitary
Hypopituitarism
deficiency of trophic hormones
ex) Ischemic injury, surgery, radiation, mass effect
Somatotroph adenoma
(1) Hormone
(2) Associated syndrome
GH
Gigantism and Acromegaly
Lactotroph adenoma
(1) Hormone
(2) Associated syndrome
Prolactin
Pituitary stone
Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility
Thyrotroph adenoma
(1) Hormone
(2) Associated syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Corticotroph adenoma
(1) Hormone
(2) Associated syndrome
Cushing Disease,
Hyperpigmentation (POMC – precursor to ACTH)
Gonadotroph adenoma
(1) Hormone
(2) Associated syndrome
Mass effect, hypopituitarism (most are hormonally silent)
Insulin signaling ________blood glucose and fatty acid levels
decreases
