week3

Question 1

what are harmonics

Answer 1

multiples of the funcdamental frequency

Question 2

in a spectrogram what indicates the harmonics?

Answer 2

formants and black lines

Question 3

what is the bernoullieffect

Answer 3

that the vocal folds vibrate due to airpressure increasing and decreasing (which again comes from the vibrating)

Question 4

in whispering there is no

Answer 4

harmonics (because no bernoulli effect so no fundamental frequency)

Question 5

what produces/determines the fundamental frequency?

Answer 5

the glottal pulses

Question 6

what are glottal pulses

Answer 6

vocal folds vibrations

Question 7

fundamental frequency varies with

Answer 7

pressure applied by initiation
length of vocal tract
size larynx
force vocal folds more open or closed

Question 8

difference harmonics and formants (2)

Answer 8

harmonics are purely produced by the vibrations of the vocal folds

formants are produced by the resonant frequencies of the complete vocal tract

Question 9

what is in the outer ear (2)

Answer 9

auricle

ear canal

Question 10

how are the cochlea similar to the fourier transform?

Answer 10

turning a complex signal into frequency representations. Higher frequencies are going through thicker parts of the cochlea.

Question 11

the basilar membrane is essentially a:

Answer 11

filter bank with bandpass filters. We are less sensitive to higher frequencies and more to lower frequencies

Question 12

what is the perceptual magnet effect?

Answer 12

humans see vairations of prototypical sounds as more similar. than variations in non-prototypical sounds

Question 13

why is mapping acoustic signals to linguistic units difficult?

Answer 13

there appear to be no reliable properties to use (lack of invariance problem)

Question 14

what 2 things are used for sound localization?

Answer 14

phase difference

intensity difference caused by acoustic shadow