WEEK2 Flashcards
implicit memory
Implicit memories form unconsciously and might affect the way a person thinks and behaves. Implicit memory often comes into play when we are learning motor skills like walking or riding a bike. If you learned how to ride a bike when you were 10 and only ever pick it up again when you are 20, implicit memory helps you remember how to ride it.
explicit memory (aka declarative memory)
When you’re trying to intentionally remember something (like a formula for your statistics class or a friend’s mailing address), this information is stored in your explicit memory. People use these memories every day, from remembering information for a test to recalling the date and time of a doctor’s appointment. AKA DE
two types of explicit memory?
episodic memory - these are your long-term memories of specific events, such as what you did yesterday or your high school graduation.
semantic memory - These are memories of facts, concepts, names, and other general knowledge.
example of implicit memory?
procedural memory (brushing teeth, walking, typing, etc), remembering how a song sounds, navigating around your house
PTSD to hippocampus?
reduces size
PTSD to amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex?
amygdala - increased
rostral anterior cingulate cortex - decreased
ventromedial prefrontal cortex - decreased
High sensitivity = what kind of false negative rate?
low
High specificity leads to what kind of diagnosis?
Probable; use tests with high specificity for a CONFIRMATORY test
which mental disorder has highest mortality risk?
anorexia nervosa
first line therapy for selective mutism?
exposure therapy
what needs to be greater than 5 in OSA?
apnea/hypopnea ratio ( #apneic/hypopneic episdoes per hour during sleep)
cigarette smoking induces what CYP?
CYP 1A2 (CLOZAPINE)
CYP for olanzapine
substrate @ CYP 450 1A2 and 2D6
CYP Risperidone
2D6
Clozapine CYP
1A2 (less 2d6 and 3a4)
cyp Ziprasodone
3a4
what’s considered obsessive compulsive related disorders?
classic OCD body dysmorphic disorder hoarding excoration d/o trichitillo mania
mechanism gabapentin
glutamate, voltage-gated calcium channel blocker
mechanism lamotrigine
glutamate, voltage-gated sodium channel blocker that inhibits the release of glutamate and aspartate
mechanism oxcarbazepine
voltage-sensitive sodium channel antagonist that acts to inhibit the release of glutamate
cataplexy vs catalepsy
cataplexy = sudden loss of muscle tone (triggered by strong emotions), happens when person is conscious catalepsy = seizure or trance along with loss of sensation and muscular rigidity; happens when person is unconscious and unaware
schizoaffective d/o criteria
- distinct 2 week period of psychosis (no mood symptoms during this)
- MOOD EPISODES PREDOMINANT THROUGHOUT ILLNESS
- period of concurrent psychosis and major mood disorder
House Brackmann scale measures what?
facial weakness
Modified Rankin scale measures what?
identifies the severity of disability after a stroke
1st line therapy for DID
A phasic model emphasizing safety and symptom stabilization in stage one, along with subsequent trauma work for those with sufficient coping abilities in stage two, and finally, integration or reintegration into a life that is not primarily focused on past traumatization and victimization in stage three is the first-line treatment for dissociative identity disorder
heavy cocaine use in cocaine use disorder risk for developing what?
paranoia
which class of antidepressants have action (agonistic/antagonistic) on postsynaptic serotonin receptors?
SEROTONIN MODULATORS!
vilazodone, trazodone, nefazodone, vortioxetine
mechanism buproprion
dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor
who developed theory for DBT?
Marsha Linehan
Who devleoped CBT?
Aaron Beck in 1960s
intractable seizures, develpmental regression, LIVER DYSFUNCTION
Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome; mitochondrial disorder
dx liver biopsy polymerase gamma sequencing
difference between hypersomnolence disorder and narcolepsy
hypersomnolence - short sleep latency but normal time to get to REM
narcolepsy - immediate transition into REM from wakefulness
mechanism buspar
PARTIAL serotonin agonist; less likely to cause sexual side effects
when evaluating for encoporesis (passage of stool in inappropriate places, involuntary or voluntary) what to ask for?
presence or absence of constipation
