WEEK1 Flashcards

1
Q

rationing

A

to limit the beneficial health care an individual desires by any means - price or non-price, direct or indirect, explicit or implicit

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2
Q

people live longer, but… World Wide Worries

A
  • people die while waiting
  • discussions of accessibility of care
  • financial access limited
  • people are uninsured
  • essential medicines are unaffordable
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3
Q

rationing from an economic perspective

A

economics concerned with the efficient allocation of scarce resources over alternative uses and the equity implications

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4
Q

scarcity

A

never enough resources to satisfy all human wants and needs

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5
Q

markets do not result in optimal outcomes in health care, because…

A

1) uncertainty and consequences of insurance
2) information assymetry between consumers and suppliers
3) existence of externalities

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6
Q

price rationing

A

Goederen/diensten worden verdeeld op basis van de prijs.
Veel vraag? Prijs omhoog
Veel aanbod? Prijs omlaag
> versterkt sociale ongelijkheid omdat mensen met een lager inkomen geen toegang hebben tot basisbehoeften

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7
Q

non-price rationing

A

Manier om schaarse goederen/diensten te verdelen zonder dat prijs de beslissende factor is.
Wanneer?
- Extreme schaarste
- Ongelijkheid verminderen
- Marktfalen
Kan eerlijker lijken, maar leidt ook tot inefficiënties (wachttijden)

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8
Q

primary rationing

A

Fundamentele benadering die wordt gebruikt om te kijken wie toegang krijgt tot schaarse middelen
(kan zowel price als non-price rationing omvatten)
(primaire verdelingsmethode, willekeur of prioriteiten)

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9
Q

secundairy rationing

A

Verwijst naar aanvullende methoden die toegepast worden om schaarse middelen te verdelen, wordt gebruikt wanneer primary rationing niet voldoende is
(Primary = price
Secundairy = wachtlijstbemiddeling)
(wachttijden of voorrangsgroepen)

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10
Q

implicit rationing

A

Indirecte of verborgen manier om schaarse middelen te verdelen, zonder dat er expliciete regels vastgesteld worden
(Artsen of verpleegkundigen maken een beoordeling welke patiënt als eerste behandeld wordt op basis van hun inschatting)
+ flexibiliteit
+ snelheid
- ongelijkheid
- gebrek aan transparantie
- gebrek aan verantwoording

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11
Q

explicit rationing

A

Clear and formalized way to distribute scarce resources.
(Mensen krijgen een vast aantal bronnen waarmee ze goederen kunnen aanschaffen)
+ honesty & equity
+ transparency
+ justification
- rigid systems
- bureaucratie (traag)
- dissatisfaction

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12
Q

hard rationing

A

If you cannot have it publicly, you cannot have it all
(organs)
(Financiële markten, voedselrantsoenering, gezondheidszorg)
Used during crises or extreme scarcity

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13
Q

soft rationing

A

Access to scarce resources is restricted but not impossible. People can pay more or meet additional requirement to get access.
(Financiële markten, gezondheidszorg, woningmarkt)
+ flexibility
+ effectiveness
+ reduced inequity
- cost inequality
- complexity
- confusion

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14
Q

supply side rationing

A

Restricts the supply of care.
Examples: budget constraints, limiting number of doctors / beds
(Gezondheidszorg, energieverdeling, onderwijs)
+ control on scarce resources
+ costeffectiveness
+ focus on priorities
- waiting time and limited acces
- limited choice
- risk of undersupply

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15
Q

demand side rationing

A

Restricts the demand of care.
Examples: limiting interventions covered by health insurance and own payments
(Gezondheidszorg, openbaar vervoer)
+ costeffectiveness
+ selfregulation
+ less pressure on supply side
- inequal
- unintended consequences
- not effective

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