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Marine Geochemistry > Week1 > Flashcards

Week1 Flashcards

1
Q

Understand salinity and temperature in the ocean and how
water circulates at the surface (0-100m)

A

Surface salinity is controlled by precipitation (rain) and evaporation

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2
Q

Conveyor belt in the ocean is controlled by __________ in the water

A

density differences

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3
Q

photosynthesis occurs at what depth

A

0-100m depth

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4
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O + nutrients + sunlight -> organic matter + O2

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5
Q

remineralization or decomposition equation

A

organic matter + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + nutrients + energy

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6
Q

what is the shape of nutrient-like profile

A

low at the surface and high in the deep

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7
Q

Hydrothermal processes: high temperature at a ridge- what is taken out

A

SO4 2- and Mg 2+

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8
Q

Hydrothermal processes: low temperature on the flanks- what is taken out

A

Mg 2+

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9
Q

the major ions are ______% of the ionic compounds/elements in seawater an most are conservative

A

> 99

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10
Q

what are the major cations in seawater

A

Na+
Mg++
Ca++ (non-conservative)
K+

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11
Q

what are the major anions in seawater

A

Cl-
SO4-
HCO3- (non-conservative)

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12
Q

Non-conservative ions are involved in _________

A

biological reactions

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13
Q

What does constant proportions mean?

A

major ions vary in concentration dependent on the salinity
-If S is higher, then concentration of ions is higher

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14
Q

Atmospheric ____ is high

A

pO2

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15
Q

the free ion concentration _____, not the total concentration, determines Cu ________

A

[Cu2+]
toxicity

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16
Q

waters of hydration definition and example

A

ions in solution are hydrated. water molecules surround the ion, due to H-bonding between ion and water dipole
EXAMPLE: NaCl

17
Q

complex formation definition and example

A

involves the exchange of waters of hydration for other ions/compounds that have covalent bonds
Al(OH)4 -

18
Q

residence time definition

A

average time an ion is in the ocean

19
Q

residence time equation

A

residence time = (mass in ocean g)/(input or output flux g/yr)

20
Q

residence time calculation assumes _____ state. where the _____ is equal to the _______

A

steady
input
output

21
Q

Where do most anions come from?

A

mantle volatiles

22
Q

where do most cations come from?

A

chemical weathering or physical erosion

23
Q

The [K+] in two seawater samples are 10.0µM at location A and 10.5µM at location B.

What do you know about the relative salinity values from the waters at Location A and B? Why?

A

The salinity at A is lower than that at B, because K+ is a conservative element in seawater.

24
Q

This is a portrayal of deep water transport (blue arrow, ignore the orange arrow) in the global ocean. Nutrient concentrations (nitrate, phosphate and silicate) are highest in what ocean?

A

N. Pacific
respiration, organic matter + O2 –> CO2 + nutrients + energy

25
Q

Is silica a conservative or non-conservative element in seawater? Why?

A

It is not conservative, because it is involved in biological processes.

26
Q

What was the original use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)?

A

as a pesticide

27
Q

Check all that apply. The use of DDT was banned world-wide because It
-caused cancer in humans.
-it caused lead in pipes to pollute drinking water.
-it caused massive numbers of plants to die
-it caused death of fish, birds and other animals

A

It caused cancer in humans.
it caused death of fish, birds and other animals

28
Q

Check all that apply. The origin of most anions in the ocean originally came from
-weathering on land of minerals/rocks
-volcanic gases
-aerosol input
-hydrothermal vents

A

volcanic gases

29
Q

Check all that apply. An example of human input of elements to the ocean is
magnesium
lead
cadmium
sodium

A

lead
cadmium

30
Q

Check all that apply. Aerosol input to the oceans include
cosmic dust
mineral dust
volcanic ash
storm surge

A

cosmic dust
mineral dust
volcanic ash

31
Q

The Mediterranean Sea dried up about 5 million years ago due to what cause?

A

closing of the Straits of Gibraltar, stopping exchange with ocean water

32
Q

What is the equation for calcite (CaCO3) production in seawater?

A

Ca2+ + 2CO3= –> CaCO3 + CO2

33
Q

What is the largest output of salts from the ocean?

A

evaporites

34
Q

Check all that apply. What ions are taken out of seawater at high temperature hydrothermal vents?
Mg2+
Fe3+
SO4=
K+

A

Mg2+
SO4=

35
Q

Where do we get most of our salt used in cooking?

A

evaporite deposits

Marine Geochemistry (8 decks)

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