Week Two Reading: Schenck Flashcards
What are the four pillars of Judaism?
monotheism, election, covenant, and land
Who became the ideal king for the Jews?
King David
Who built the temple in Jerusalem?
King Solomon
Why was Israel destroyed?
They did not keep the covenant.
According the four pillars of Judaism, Yahweh was the only God Israel could worship.
monotheism
According to the four pillars of Judaism, God chose Israel out of all the nations through _____.
election
According to the four pillars of Judaism, an agreement between Yahweh and Israel promised God’s blessings unless they broke the _____.
covenant
According to the four pillars of Judaism, God would give Israel ____ if they followed Him as ____ for the temple.
land: land
the second king of Israel and the first of a long-ruling dynasty; many Jews symbolized Christ as the ideal king because of him
King David
a male descendant of David occupying the throne; in the New Testament Christ is referred to as this
“Son of David”
after the kingdom of Israel was split into two parts, this part was the southern kingdom
Judah
the third king of Israel who built the first temple to Yahweh in Jerusalem
Solomon
translated to the term “anointed one” and was originally used to refer to someone such as a king or priest who was set apart for a special, divinely appointed role.
Christ or Messiah
a term that implied Christ’s kingship over heaven and earth and that He is the ruler of all
Lord
those who lived in the region formerly known as the northern kingdom of Israel
Samaritans
the nation that destroyed Jerusalem and the first temple in 586 BC taking many Jews as slaves
Babylon
Hundreds of years later, Jews and Christians used the name _____ to refer to Rome which destroyed Jerusalem and its second temple in AD 70
Babylon
the Jewish family that successfully freed the Jews from Syrian rule, resulting in about a hundred years of freedom
Maccabees
the actual family name of the Maccabees; Israel was self-governing under their rule for about 100 years
Hasmoneans
the Jewish feast that celebrates the rededication and purification of the temple after the Maccabeans freed the Jews from foreign rule
Hanukkah
the term for anointed kings of Judah indicating they had a special relationship with Yahweh
Son of God
those from the Israelite tribe of Levi whose role was to administer the Law to the people: duties are to offer sacrifices in the temple, setting disputes, and declaring individuals ceremonially clean
priests
the king the Romans appointed to rule Israel just before Jesus’ birth: put all the infants to death in order to attempt kill Jesus
Herod the Great
the highest rank of priest in Judaism
high priest
The ____ ____ most significant religious responsibility was to enter the Most Holy chamber of the temple once a year and offer a sacrifice for the sins of the people.
high priest
a small group of aristocratic Jews who held political power in Jerusalem: didn’t believe in the resurrection or any kind of afterlife
Sadducees
oral traditions that arose about how to keep the specifics of the Law: Pharisees kept these traditions
tradition of the elders
the location of the Dead Sea community where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered
Qumran
the Jewish group that followed the highest standard of ceremonial purity
Essenes
writings found at Qumran that probably represent a wide variety of Essene communities from the two centuries before Christ
Dead Sea Scrolls
the founder of the particular Essene communities that lived at Qumran near the Dead Sea
Teacher of Righteousness
viewing events on earth as the playing out of spiritual conflicts in the invisible realm
apocalyptic
The Pharisees were descendants from whom? What tribe of Israel were they from?
The priests were descendants from the priests of Israel from the tribe of Levi, one of Jacob’s twelve sons.
people of the countryside
people of the land
Who were the Saducees?
Jerusalem priests who didn’t believe in the resurrection or any kind of after life
hatred of Jews
anti-Semitism/anti-Judaism
a group of Jews known best for their careful keeping of the Jewish Law as it was interpreted in the traditions of the elders: strongly believed in the resurrection and in resurrection of those who died noble deaths in faithfulness to God’s covenant with Israel
Pharisees
the period from sundown on Friday to sundown Saturday during which Jews did not work
Sabbath
took place from AD 66-73 in an attempt for the Jewish people to free themselves from Roman rule resulting the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple
Jewish War
a language related to Hebrew: most Jews in Palestine spoke this as their first language at the time of Christ
Aramaic
the scattering of Jews throughout the Mediterranean world and away from their geographical point of origin
Diaspora
Greek-speaking Jews
Hellenistic Jew
A group’s worth was weighed in terms of its _____ or _____.
honor: shame
___ belonged in the public, actively working to bring honor to the family.
Men
____ directed the home and were the greatest potential source of shame.
Women
____ legitimated a woman and served as a mother’s ally in the extended family.
Sons
_____ were a potential source of shame for a father, with whom they might have little contact.
Daughters
gender
male or female
family background
genealogy
geography
race linked to the land of origin
a culture in which one’s identity is determined on a personal, individual basis
individualistic culture
a culture in which identity is primarily a function of the groups to which an individual belongs–such as one’s race, family, or gender
group culture
cultures oriented around the approval or disapproval of your group, rather than around being true to yourself as an individual
honor/shame cultures
What three things were people defined by in New Testament times?
gender, family, & race
Who was the ultimate power in the Mediterranean world?
the Romans
The _____ also had a great deal of authority over Jerusalem and its region.
Sanhedrin
the southernmost region of Palestine where Jerusalem and Bethlehem were located
Judea
ancient networks of informal arrangements between those with money, power, and resources (patrons) and those without (clients).
patron- client relationships
Patrons would provide clients with resources in return for the prestige and influence it brought them. Clients in returned did various favors for them and, in general, paid them honor.
those with power, influence, and money who were able to assist those with less power
patrons
those who received such patronage in return for the honor and prestige they gave their patrons
clients
those who served as go-between for patrons and clients when the gap between them was significant
brokers
the idea that there was only a certain amount of wealth, goodness, and value in the world: if one person gained, it was assumed that someone else had lost
limited good
generally thought of as someone who had stolen goods and possessions of someone else or had descended from someone who had
rich
displaced from your inherited place in life, from your possessions, etc.
poor
Many Jews believed in several different ____ in layers with God in the highest part.
heavens
The Stoics believed the best way to happiness was to accept your ___ and live in _____ with diving reason.
fate: accordance
the sense that nothing happens by chance, that everything that takes place is determined by forces beyond human control
fatalism
____ believed that earthly things were simply copies, images, and shadows of heavenly realities and that the only way to access these truths was through the mind,
Platonists
They believed in a soul that survived death only to migrate to another body.
____ believed that the Logos, the divine Reason that was in all things directed and ordered the world; we should accept our fate and not be concerned with pain or emotion.
Stoics
We should listen to the small seed of logos that is the human spirit that returns to the Logos of the world at death.
____ did not believe in an afterlife; a person’s soul atoms disintegrated at death just like the body.
Epicureans
the dead brought back to life when Christ returns: at the time God will provide the dead with ‘spiritual bodies
resurrection of the dead
In ancient times, no clear dividing line existed between the ____ or the ____.
religious: political
The ____ and ____ worshiped many gods.
Greeks: Romans
Some ____ emperors demanded worship.
Roman
worshiping many gods (polytheistic) as opposed to one god (monotheistic)
pagan
a physical representation of a god, such as statue or figurine, that is used to worship the god
idol
religions that involved secret rituals relating to the death of a god, secret knowledge, and the guarantee of a happy afterlife
mystery religions
the process of changing from one religion to another: the process of becoming a Christian
conversion
the practice in the Roman empire of venerating the emperors as gods, usually after their deaths; although, some emperors were worshiped in life and even demanded it including sacrifices to them as gods
emperor worship
