Week One Vocab Flashcards
Hormone
chemical messengers that are created by endocrine glands and are then released to cause some sort of change…ex:
inc/dec enzyme activity
inc/dec gene transcription
inc/dec channel protein activity
Endocrine System
it’s a body system that works w/our nervous system to control + coordinate bodily processes through the use of chemical messengers called hormones (created by endocrine glands)
Paracrine
form of communication, hormones that function at other cell types locally w/o being transported by blood
Autocrine
form of communication, hormones that function at the cell that makes them
Endocrine
form of communication, hormones function at long distances from where they are made (i.e. like another organ or body system)
Tropic hormone
these are hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands so as to produce their particular hormones
Secretion
how hormones are distributed within our bodies and how they are regulated
Target Tissue
The tissue that is being targeted by the hormone, like the tissue that the hormone is changing in some sort of way
proteins in target cell recognize a particular shape on their receptors
Receptor
hormone receptors affect only specific target tissues with specific tissues
Up-Regulation
when less hormones present cause an increase in the number of receptors, which makes the target tissue more sensitive to the hormone, and it makes the tissue respond faster when the hormone appears
so less hormones = up the number of receptors
Down-Regulation
when more hormones are present a decrease in the number of receptors, decreases the sensitivity of target cell to hormone, and this is to prevent over-stimulation
so too many hormones = down the number of receptors
Neural Regulation
form of hormone regulation, and it’s from signals in the NS (i.e. ANS sympathetic response –> epinephrine)
Humoral Regulation
form of hormone regulation, it’s sensing chemical changes in the blood (i.e. sensors in the blood tracking calcium levels)
Hormonal Regulation
form of hormone regulation, other hormones like tropic ones
Hyposecretion
when the amount of hormones that are released is too low
Hypersecretion
when the amount of hormones released is too high
Permissiveness
one hormone is needed for the second hormone to function
Synergism
two hormones working together make a huge ass effect
2+2= 8
Antagonism
one hormone counteracts another
Steroid
hormones that cause slower and longer lasting change, they are lipids, they have the carbon rings
Regulatory
most hormonal regulation is completed through negative feedback
Glandular Epithelium
a type of tissue that produces and releases different secretory products, such as sweat, saliva, breast milk, digestive enzymes, and hormones, among other substances
Neuroendocrine
adrenal medulla, hypothalamus, and posterior pituitary; so it acts like an endocrine gland but made of neural tissue pretty sure
Releasing Hormone
a hormone that releases/stimulates another hormone
Cortex
adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland, think glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids
Medulla
adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, think NE + E (adrenaline)
Adrenocorticoids
it’s a steroid hormone that is made in the adrenal cortex (outer)
Catecholamines
secreted by the adrenal medulla (inner), and examples of those are norepinephrine and epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system
RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone System)
1) low water or sodium increases Renin
2) Renin increases activation of Angiotensin
3) Angiotensin stimulates Aldosterone
4) Aldosterone causes increased retention of water and sodium from urine
General Adaptation Syndrome
this is what happens when someone is chronically stressed (adrenal cortex) and basically you resist it for so long that eventually your body uses up all of its resources and you crash really badly
Decompensation
Decompensation is the final stage of General Adaptation Syndrome, and that’s when your. body has used all of it’s resources so you have a collapse of legit everything