Week One Vocab

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

chemical messengers that are created by endocrine glands and are then released to cause some sort of change…ex:

inc/dec enzyme activity
inc/dec gene transcription
inc/dec channel protein activity

Question 2

Endocrine System

Answer 2

it’s a body system that works w/our nervous system to control + coordinate bodily processes through the use of chemical messengers called hormones (created by endocrine glands)

Question 3

Paracrine

Answer 3

form of communication, hormones that function at other cell types locally w/o being transported by blood

Question 4

Autocrine

Answer 4

form of communication, hormones that function at the cell that makes them

Question 5

Endocrine

Answer 5

form of communication, hormones function at long distances from where they are made (i.e. like another organ or body system)

Question 6

Tropic hormone

Answer 6

these are hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands so as to produce their particular hormones

Question 7

Secretion

Answer 7

how hormones are distributed within our bodies and how they are regulated

Question 8

Target Tissue

Answer 8

The tissue that is being targeted by the hormone, like the tissue that the hormone is changing in some sort of way

proteins in target cell recognize a particular shape on their receptors

Question 9

Receptor

Answer 9

hormone receptors affect only specific target tissues with specific tissues

Question 10

Up-Regulation

Answer 10

when less hormones present cause an increase in the number of receptors, which makes the target tissue more sensitive to the hormone, and it makes the tissue respond faster when the hormone appears

so less hormones = up the number of receptors

Question 11

Down-Regulation

Answer 11

when more hormones are present a decrease in the number of receptors, decreases the sensitivity of target cell to hormone, and this is to prevent over-stimulation

so too many hormones = down the number of receptors

Question 12

Neural Regulation

Answer 12

form of hormone regulation, and it’s from signals in the NS (i.e. ANS sympathetic response –> epinephrine)

Question 13

Humoral Regulation

Answer 13

form of hormone regulation, it’s sensing chemical changes in the blood (i.e. sensors in the blood tracking calcium levels)

Question 14

Hormonal Regulation

Answer 14

form of hormone regulation, other hormones like tropic ones

Question 15

Hyposecretion

Answer 15

when the amount of hormones that are released is too low

Question 16

Hypersecretion

Answer 16

when the amount of hormones released is too high

Question 17

Permissiveness

Answer 17

one hormone is needed for the second hormone to function

Question 18

Synergism

Answer 18

two hormones working together make a huge ass effect

2+2= 8

Question 19

Antagonism

Answer 19

one hormone counteracts another

Question 20

Steroid

Answer 20

hormones that cause slower and longer lasting change, they are lipids, they have the carbon rings

Question 21

Regulatory

Answer 21

most hormonal regulation is completed through negative feedback

Question 22

Glandular Epithelium

Answer 22

a type of tissue that produces and releases different secretory products, such as sweat, saliva, breast milk, digestive enzymes, and hormones, among other substances

Question 23

Neuroendocrine

Answer 23

adrenal medulla, hypothalamus, and posterior pituitary; so it acts like an endocrine gland but made of neural tissue pretty sure

Question 24

Releasing Hormone

Answer 24

a hormone that releases/stimulates another hormone

Question 25

Cortex

Answer 25

adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland, think glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids

Question 26

Medulla

Answer 26

adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, think NE + E (adrenaline)

Question 27

Adrenocorticoids

Answer 27

it’s a steroid hormone that is made in the adrenal cortex (outer)

Question 28

Catecholamines

Answer 28

secreted by the adrenal medulla (inner), and examples of those are norepinephrine and epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone System)

Answer 29

1) low water or sodium increases Renin
2) Renin increases activation of Angiotensin
3) Angiotensin stimulates Aldosterone
4) Aldosterone causes increased retention of water and sodium from urine

Question 30

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 30

this is what happens when someone is chronically stressed (adrenal cortex) and basically you resist it for so long that eventually your body uses up all of its resources and you crash really badly

Question 31

Decompensation

Answer 31

Decompensation is the final stage of General Adaptation Syndrome, and that’s when your. body has used all of it’s resources so you have a collapse of legit everything