Week One - How to Read a Brain Flashcards
Where is the Rostral/Anterior - C/Posterior located?
Front (R & A)
Back (C & P)
Where is the Dorsal/Superior - Inferior/Ventral located?
Top (D & S)
Bottom (V & I)
What does the CNS consist of?
Brain & Spinal Cord
What are the 2 forms within the NS?
CNS, PNS
What is contained within the PNS?
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic NS
What does afferent mean?
Nerves coming into the body
What does efferent mean?
Nerves going away from the body
What is the Sympathetic NS?
It is our bodies flight or fight response system.
What is the Parasympathetic NS?
It is our bodies rest and digest system.
What are the 3 major subdivisions of the of the CNS?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
What are the principle structures of the Forebrain?
Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System Thalamus Hypothalamus
What are the principle structures of the Midbrain?
Tectum
Tegmentum
What are the principle structures of the Hindbrain?
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
What is the Precentral Gyrus known as?
Primary Motor Cortex
What is the Postcentral Gyrus known as?
Somatosensory Cortex
Where is language located in the brain?
left side
What are the 2 major language areas?
Broca and Wernicke’s area
Where is Broca’s area located?
Frontal lobe
Where is Wernicke’s area located?
Temporal lobe
The prefrontal cortex is associated with what?
Personality, attention, anxiety
What occurs if we have disease/damage to the prefrontal cortex?
Personality disorders
mood swings
What is the central role of the thalamus?
Form early sensory processing of information (relay station)
What does the Medial Geniculate connect to?
The auditory cortex
What does the Lateral Geniculate connect to?
The visual cortex
What does the Hypothalamus connect?
Connects with the Pituitary gland
What does the Hypothalamus have close links too?
The endocrine system
Autonomic NS
What does the Hypothalamus control?
Fight/flight response
reproduction, growth
What disease affects the Basal Ganglia?
Huntington Disease
What are the key components of the Limbic System?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Mammillary Body
What does the Limbic System do?
Is linked to emotion
What is the prefrontal cortex associated with?
Attention and Anxiety Inhibition
What is the Amygdala associated with?
Anxiety and Fear memory
What is the hippocampus associated with?
Autobiographical memory
What are the 2 ways to get information to the Amygdala?
the low road
the high road
Explain the process of the low road
Thalamus to Amygdala
Explain the process of the high road
Thalamus to Sensory Cortex to Amygdala
What is the oldest part of the brain?
The brain stem
What does the brain stem control?
Respiration
Cardiovascular system
Swallowing
What is the RAS?
A web of reticulum of nerves
What does damage to the RAS result in?
Coma
Unconsciousness
What is the Blood Brain Barrier?
A permeable membrane that surrounds capillaries
Why do we have the BBB?
To isolate the brain from harmful substances (eg toxins)
To protect from sudden changes
What is a key role of the BBB?
It works as a transport system to carry waste out and keep nutrients in
What are the Meninges?
A protective sheath around the brain and spinal cord
What is Cerebral Spinal Fluid produced by?
Ependymal Cells
