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Audiology > Week One - Audiograms > Flashcards

Week One - Audiograms Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the ear does air conduction test?

A

-all four parts of the auditory system

  • outer ear
  • middle ear
  • inner ear
  • auditory nerve
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2
Q

What parts of the ear does bone conduction test?

A
  • Inner ear

- Auditory nerve

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3
Q

What is an air-bone gap?

A

It is a conductive hearing loss (e.g. middle ear infection) that produces a difference between air and bone conduction

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4
Q

What characterises a conductive hearing loss?

A
  • Air conduction
  • impaired
  • Bone conduction
  • WNL
  • Air-bone gap
  • yes
  • lesion
  • outer or middle ear
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5
Q

What characterises a sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • air conduction
  • impaired
  • bone conduction
  • impaired
  • air-bone gap
  • no
  • lesion
  • inner ear or auditory neural system
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6
Q

What characterises a mixed hearing impairment?

A
  • air conduction
  • impaired
  • bone conduction
  • impaired
  • air-bone gap
  • yes
  • lesion
  • outer ear or middle ear + inner ear or auditory neural system
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7
Q

What is the NZ audio gram symbol for right ear air conduction?

A

Red O

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8
Q

What is the symbol for left ear bone conduction?

A

Blue >

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9
Q

What is the symbol for right ear bone conduction?

A

Red

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10
Q

What is the symbol for left ear air conduction?

A

Blue X

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11
Q

vowel sounds are…

A

Low frequency and high amplitude

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12
Q

Consonants are…

A

High frequency and low amplitude

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13
Q

What are the first speech sounds often affected by hearing loss?

A

/f/, /s/, /th/

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14
Q

What are the components of a testing system that need calibration?

A
  • the audiometer
  • the transducers
  • the test room or booth
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15
Q

What is a sound field

A

A space in which a wave of sound pressure propagates

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16
Q

What is a free field

A

A sound field with no obstacles

17
Q

Categories of impairment

A

Pruetone average:

-10 to 15 = none
16 to 25 = slight
26 to 40 = mild
41 to 55 = moderate
56 to 70 = moderately severe
71 to 90 = severe
>91 = profound
18
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

340m per second

19
Q

What is dB SPL?

A

Physical description, without reference to humans

20
Q

What is dB A?

A
  • Compensates for the fact that humans can hear some frequencies better than others
  • best for measuring quiet sounds
21
Q

What is the range of frequencies humans can hear?

A

20 Hz and 20 KHz

22
Q

What is the frequency range humans are most sensitive to?

A

1 and 4KHz

23
Q

True/false

It takes less pressure to stimulate the ear at lower frequencies than higher frequencies

A

False

It takes more pressure to stimulate the ear at lower frequencies

24
Q

What is a fast Fourier transform (FFT)

A

The way to see the different frequencies that make up a sound

25
Q

Two most important characteristics of a transducer?

A

Frequency response and sensitivity

26
Q

What does the coefficients of sound absorption mean?

A

Absorption coefficient of 1 = total absorption

Absorption coefficient of 0 = total reflection

27
Q

What is a threshold?

A

Level at which a stimulus is barely perceptible

28
Q

What is the upper frequency limit of most bone conductors

A

4 KHz

29
Q

What is the air bone conduction test range?

A

250 Hz to 8KHz

30
Q

What is cross hearing?

A

Where the sound travels to the non-test ear (occurs with bone conduction when not masked)

31
Q

What are the three mechanisms of bone conduction?

A
  • Distortional mechanism
  • leads to distortion of structures in inner ear
  • inertial mechanism
  • causes middle ear bones to vibrate
  • osseotympanic
  • vibrates column of air in outer ear, causing eardrum to vibrate
32
Q

Advantages of forehead bone conduction placement

A

-more homogenous surface, more comfortable, better test reliability, less outer and middle ear involvement

33
Q

Advantages of mastoid placement in bone conduction

A

Less energy (10dB) required o stimulate response, decreasing range if thresholds that can be measured

34
Q

What is speech audiometry?

A

Samples of language are presented through a calibrated system to measure hearing ability

35
Q

Why use speech audiometry?

A
  • cross check for puretone audiometry
  • most common complaint is inability to hear speech
  • evaluate hearing aid selection
36
Q

Long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS)

A
  • averaged over a segment of speech
  • defined by vocal effort for production
  • age and gender differences
37
Q

What is test battery

A

A combination of tests used to obtain more complete clinical understanding

38
Q

What is otoacoustic emissions?

A
  • sound produced within the cochlear itself and measureable in the ear canal
  • can be spontaneous or evoked

Audiology (2 decks)

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