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214.102 > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic transformation

A

Bacteria absorb DNA from left over DNA on spare surfaces

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2
Q

Bacterial conjugation

A

Send information from one bacteria to another

Used for developing immunity

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3
Q

Bacterial transduction

A

Pick up bacteria from one cell and pass it on to another

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4
Q

Transposons ‘Jumping Genes’

A

DNA jumps from one cell to another

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5
Q

Bacterial shapes

A

1) Bacili
2) Cocci
3) Spirili

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6
Q

Two cocci

A

Diplococci

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7
Q

Strand of cocci

A

Streptococci

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8
Q

Bunch of cocci

A

Staphylococci

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9
Q

One bacillus

A

Single bacilus

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10
Q

Two bacillus

A

Diplobacillus

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11
Q

Stand of bacillus

A

Streptobacillus

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12
Q

Short rod of bacillus

A

Coccobacillus

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13
Q

One spiral

A

Vibrio

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14
Q

Short spiral

A

Spirillum

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15
Q

Long spirili

A

Spirochete

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16
Q

Gram positive colour

A

Purple

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17
Q

Gram negative colour

A

Pink

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18
Q

Gram positive

A

Easy to kill
Thicker peptidoglycan
Teichoic acids

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19
Q

Gram negative

A

Harder to kill
Thinner peptidoglycan
Lipid rich membrane layers

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20
Q

Thermophile

A

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between 45-122 degrees

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21
Q

Mesophile

A

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between 20-45 degrees

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22
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between -15-10 degrees

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23
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

Unusual bacteria
No cell wall
Smallest living organisms

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24
Q

Rickettsia

A 
Unusual bacteria 
Must be inside the cell
Cocci or threads
Non-motile
Have leaky cell walls
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25
Q

Chlamydia

A

Unusual bacteria
Must be inside the cell
Sexually transmitted

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26
Q

Chlamydia scientific name

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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27
Q

Complicated Chlamydia scientific name

A

LGV - Lymphogranuloma venereum

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28
Q

Meningococcal disease scientific name

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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29
Q

Pharyngitis scientific name

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

30
Q

Pneumonia scientific name

A

Legionella pneumophila

31
Q

Whooping cough scientific name

A

Bordetella pertussis

32
Q

Prokaryotic example

33
Q

Eukaryotic example

A

Fungi (yeast, mould)

Protozoa

34
Q

Prokaryotic nucleus and DNA

A

Nucleoid and plasmid
One chromosome and extra DNA
Cell wall and slime layer and capsule

35
Q

Prokaryotic extensions

A

Pili - anchor

Flagella - Mobility

36
Q

Prokaryotic organelles

A

Not complex - ribosomes

37
Q

Prokaryotic reproduction

A

Asexual - binary fission

38
Q

Eukaryotic nucleus and DNA

A

DNA and RNA
Protozona - cell membrane
Fungi - cell membrane and cell wall (chitin)

39
Q

Eukaryotic extensions

A

Flagella - Mobility

Cilia - Movement

40
Q

Eukaryotic organelles

41
Q

Eukaryotic reproduction

A

Asexual and sexual

Won’t grow on agar

42
Q

Virus

A

Not alive and requires host to reproduce
DNA or RNA with protein cover
Acellular, wont grow on agar

43
Q

Protozoa

A

Diverse single celled eukaryotes

44
Q

Amoeba

A

Extensions that contract to move protozoa

45
Q

Sporozoa

A

Non-motile

46
Q

Malaria scientific name

A

P. falciparum

47
Q

Giardiasis scientific name

A

Giardia lamblia

48
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites

A

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

49
Q

Type of virus infecting prokaryote

A

Bacteriophage

50
Q

Type of virus infecting eukaryotic

51
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria

A

Bacteriophages or phages

52
Q

Virulent phages

A

Lyse host cells after producing new phages

53
Q

Temperate phages

A

Do not lyse the host cell

54
Q

Lifecycle of viruses

A

1) Attachment
2) Penetration and uncoating
3) mRNA synthesis
4) Protein synthesis

55
Q

Scientific names

A

All but viruses are italicised

56
Q

Fungi unicellular reproduction

A

Yeast

Asexual reproduction - Budding

57
Q

Fungi multicellular reproduction

A

Mould

Asexual or sexual reproduction

58
Q

Branches of fungi

A 
Chytrids - Yeast
Common moulds - Bread mould
Sac Fungi - Morels and truffles, yeast
Club Fungi - Mushrooms
Imperfect Fungi - Penicillium
59
Q

Diseases caused by fungi are called

60
Q

Candidiasis/thrush scientific name

A

Candida albicans

61
Q

Dermatophytes (filamentous fungi) cause

A

Dermatomycosis

62
Q

Filamentous fungi species include

A

Microsporum, Epidermophytom and Trihophyton

63
Q

Fungal causes of Pneumonia and LRTI

A 
Aspergillus spp
Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gatti
Histoplasma capsulatum
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Coccidioides immitis
64
Q

Paronychia and onychomycois caused by

A

Candida albicans

65
Q

Tinea corporis (ringworm of the forearm) scientific name

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

66
Q

Anti fungal agents

A

Micazole
Ketoconazole
Nystatin
Amphotericin B

67
Q

Human viral pathogens include

A

Influenza, Herpes and Ebola

68
Q

Protozoal diseases include

A

Trichomoniasis, Malaria, Giardia and Cryptosporidiosis

69
Q

Fungi

A

Are diverse eukaryotes with a large range of sizes

70
Q

Protozoa

A

Are large compared to bacteria

71
Q

Mycoses include

A

Candidiasis, ring worm (tinea) and pneumocystis

72
Q

People most often compromised are

A

The immunocompromised

214.102 (1 decks)

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