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BTN 525 > week one > Flashcards

week one Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothesis

A

Stated as effect of independent variable on the dependent varible

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2
Q

Primary hypothesis

A

Test hypothesis for which an experiment is powered

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3
Q

Secondary hypothesis

A

Often times other effects of an IV of an IV are examined

But the effects is not necessary powered to state an effect statistically

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4
Q

Null hypothesis

A

Statistical concept which state there is not effect of IV on the DV

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5
Q

One sided hypothesis

A

You assume the DV will move in one direction

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6
Q

Two sided hypothesis

A

You do not know if DV will go up or down

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7
Q

Structural of hypothesis

A

-form the basis of all questions
-should be reflected in title of manuscript
-abstract
-posters
Grant application
They are the basis of Specific Aims in grant

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8
Q

IV

A

What the investigator control/manipulate to produce a change of DV
Should be only one depended factor
Does, choice,

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9
Q

DV

A

what the IV affects, what you measure
Frequency
Change HR
Ml of urine

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10
Q

Confounding variable

A

Unknown factors that disrupt or influence the effect of the IV on the DV

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11
Q

Random error

A

Inherent aspect of measurement which increase variability and reduces the ability to detect differences among the group

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12
Q

Why random person error is very. Difficult to control

A

As it an inherent aspect of measurements and pure and unknown

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13
Q

Confounding variable is control by

A

Randomized blocking with reduces the influence of confounding
But it will increasing variablity

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14
Q

Aim of experimental design is to

A

Isolate the effect of the IV on the DV

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15
Q

Type of control

A 
Positive control
Negative control 
Vehicle control 
Sham control 
Procedural control 
repeated measure
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16
Q

Positive control

A

Group added to a design where you know what the outcome will be and the outcome is expected to move in the direction of think the independent variable should move it

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17
Q

Positive CONROL used

A

To ensure that the experimental set up is working
By moving the experimental and positive control in the anticipated direction
So the design is more valid by IV is actually affecting the DV
- provide a comfort about the effects of the independent variable
- tell you the system is set up correctly and working enhancing your confidence in the negative results are truly negative

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18
Q

When. We can used positive. Control

A

Whenever you possible

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19
Q

Negative control

A

Is a group added to a design where you know the outcome, but unlike the positive control you known that the IV will not affect the group

20
Q

Benefit of the negative control

A

Helps guard against epiphenomenon , it tells you that is something else influencing the
Do

21
Q

Epiphenomenon

A

A result that accompanies another, but has no causal influence itself or was not caused by experimental paradigm

22
Q

Vehicle control

A

This has everything you are administering except the level of the IV

23
Q

Sham control

A

Associated with a surgical intervention where a mock surgery is performed , A form of a procedural control

24
Q

Procedural control

A

Running the same procedure without the active intervention

25
Q

Repeated measures

A

Use the subject as its own control or alternatively in a non-repeated measures design
-so it reduces the effects of intrasubject variability

26
Q

The ability to generate good data the useable and interpretable is dependent upon

A
  • good control over environment in which the study is performed
  • how independent, or controlled, the outside effects of that environment are on the independent and dependent variables
27
Q

Type of research

A 
Hypothesis driven research 
-discovery research 
-clinical trail
-Cohort study
-Cross sectional study 
-case control studies
Ethnographic research 
Explanatory research 
-historical research 
Quasi experiment
28
Q

Hypothesis driven research

A

Specific hypothesis is laid out up front
Thes test prospectively
-used in clinical studies
Is show an association but not cause and effect

29
Q

Prospective studies

A

Study where a hypothesis is formulated and then tested after the design has been laid out

30
Q

Retrospective studies

A

Assess the effect of an IV on a DV after the fact i.e. After the IV affect on the DV has occurred

31
Q

Discovery research

A

Formulates the basis for hypothesis driven research
Involves mining data sets or output to determine if a relationship will emerge so that a hypothesis can be formulated
-. Type genomic, proteomics and metabolic research l

32
Q

Clinical trial

A

A study on patients that it’s always prospective and tests a very specific hypothesis generally about a drug or specific type of intervention

33
Q

Clinical Trial

A

Is a specific type of design involving patients , it is an experiment, not just a study, in humans

34
Q

Cohort study

A

Study of a group of subjects that share something in common and are assessed as they move forward in time , prospective study

35
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Similar to a cohort study except that all the measures are taken at the same time (once)always retrospective studies

36
Q

Case control

A

Start by disease and looks back

37
Q

Ethnographic research

A

Study a human behavior in its natural contents , involving observation of behavior and physical setting

38
Q

Explanatory research

A

Experimenter attempts to identify cause and effect
—cause and effect. Assumes that we identify the actual cause of something

  • to identify cause and effect one generally runs multiple studies to isolate one factor that can be shown to cause the effect
39
Q

Historical research

A

Systematic collection and evaluation of data related to past occurrences in order to describe causes , effects, and trends fo those events that may help explain present events and anticipate fur true events

40
Q

Quasi experiment

A

Empirical study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on it is targe population

  • share many similar with the traditional experimental design or randomized controlled trial , but lack the element of random assignment to treatment or control
  • the investigator does not have control over the assignment of the IV as is true in regular experimental design
41
Q

Quasi experimental designs typically allow the researcher to control

A

The assignment to the treatment condition but using some criterio other than random assignment

42
Q

Prevention trial

A

Look for better way to prevent disease

43
Q

Screening trials

A

Best way to detect certain disease

44
Q

Quality of life trials supportive care trials

A

Explore ways to improve comfort and quality of life for individuals with a chronic disease

45
Q

Compassionate use trial

A

Expanded access trials provide partially tested, unapproved therapeutics to a small number of patients who have no other realistic options
Usually case by case approved by FDA

BTN 525 (7 decks)

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