Week One Flashcards
What does the SKELETAL SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of bones and joints
- protects and supports body organs
- provides a framework for the muscles use, to cause movement
- blood cells are formed in bone marrow within bones
What does the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of skin and related structures (hair, nails and glands)
- forms external body covering
- protects deeper tissues from injury
- regulates temperature
- eliminates wastes through sweat
What does the MUSCULAR SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of skeletal muscles, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
- participates with the skeletal system to facilitate movement and maintain posture
- generates the heat necessary for warm bodies organisms to maintain a constant body temperature
What does the NERVOUS SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs
- is the fast-acting control system of the body
- senses and responds to body’s internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands through nerve impulses
What does the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body
-regulates the body by making chemical messages called hormones
What does the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels
- transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes etc
- regulates body temperature and water balance
- protects body by carrying white blood cells and antibodies
What does the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the lymphatic fluid, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and thymus gland
-protects against disease
What does the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the airways and lungs
-keeps the blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
What does the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the oesophagus, stomach, intestines and digestive glands like the salivary glands, liver and gallbladder
-accomplishes the physical and chemical breakdown of food and elimination of waste
What does the URINARY SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
- removes waste products from the blood and excretes them into the urine
- regulates fluid, electrolyte and acid/base balance in the food
What does the REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM consist of and what does it do?
Consists of
- ovaries, uterus and vagina in the female
- testes and penis in the male
- associated organs and glands in both sexes
Describe the ANATOMICAL POSITION
- standing upright
- facing the observer
- palms facing forward
Describe the two variations of the RECLINING POSITION
- if the body is face down, it is in the prone position
- if the body is face up it is in the supine position
Name the position when the body is lying face down
Prone position
Name the position when the body is lying face up
Supine position
Define the term SUPERFICIAL
When something is located on or near the surface of a body or organ
Define the term DEEP
When something is located away from the surface of a body or organ
Define ANTERIOR
At the front of the body
Define POSTERIOR
At the back of the body
Define SUPERIOR
Towards the head
Define INFERIOR
Away from head
Define MEDIAL
Near the midline of the body
Define LATERAL
Farther from the midline of the body
Define PROXIMAL
Nearer to the attachment of the limb to the trunk
Define DISTAL
Farther from the attachment of the limb to the trunk
Define PARASAGITTAL PLANE
Divides the body or an organ into left and right sides
Define MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
Divides the body into equal left and right sides because it runs through the midline
Define FRONTAL PLANE
Divides the body or organ into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Define TRANSVERSE (horizontal) PLANE
Divides the body or an organ into upper (superior) or lower (inferior) portions
How is the CRANIAL CAVITY formed and what does it contain?
- is formed by the cranial bones
- contains the brain
How is the VERTEBRAL (spinal) CAVITY formed and what does it contain?
- is formed by the bones of the vertebral column
- contains the spinal cord
State the boundaries of the THORACIC CAVITY and what it contains
-anterior boundary: sternum, ribs and intercostal muscles
-lateral boundary: ribs and intercostal muscles
-posterior boundary: vertebrae and ribs
-inferior boundary: diaphragm
Contents include heart and lungs
State the boundaries of the PELVIC CAVITY and what it contains
-superior boundary: imaginary line between the symphysis pubis and superior sacrum
-anterior boundary: symphysis pubis and pelvic bones
-posterior boundary: pelvic bones (sacrum and coccyx)
-lateral boundary: pelvic bones
-inferior boundary: pelvic floor muscles
Contents include: urinary bladder, female reproductive organs and internal male reproductive organs
State the boundaries of the ABDOMINAL CAVITY and what it contains
-superior: diaphragm
-anterior: abdominal muscles
-posterior: vertebrae
Contents include: stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, kidneys, pancreas, small intestine and most of the large intestine
Explain the function of the SEROUS membrane
It lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior
Explain the function of the MUCOUS membrane
It lines body cavities that open to the exterior
Explain the purpose of the VISCERAL LAYER and PARIETAL LAYER within the sucrose membrane
-visceral layer covers the organs within the cavities e.g. heart, lungs and organs
-parietal layer lines the cavity walls
The serous fluid between the two layers of the serous membrane reduces friction and allows the viscera to slide somewhat during movements to reduce friction and damage to organs
Remember to learn about ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRENTS AND ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
