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NUR 325 > week one > Flashcards

week one Flashcards

1
Q

pathopharmacology

A

study of biological effects of drugs introduced to the body that cause some sort of change

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2
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

mechanism of action or affect on the body

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3
Q

chemical name of drug

A

long, used for research

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4
Q

generic name

A

official name, lowercase

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5
Q

trade name

A

brand, easier to remember

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6
Q

prototype

A

model drug that others in its class are compared to

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7
Q

therapeutic drug effect

A

intended effect of a drug

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8
Q

drug side effects

A

unintended, unavoidable

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9
Q

drug toxicities

A

harmful drug effects

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10
Q

adverse drug rxn

A

unexpected or dangerous

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11
Q

allergic reaction

A

unexpected and involves the immune system

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12
Q

preclinical trial

A

lab animals to test for therapeutic/adverse effects

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13
Q

Phase I drug study

A

human volunteers

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14
Q

Phase II study

A

tested on pt with the disease

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15
Q

Phase III study

A

clinical market with close observation

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16
Q

Phase IV studies

A

continued monitoring by FDA

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17
Q

Schedule I drug

A

no medical use, heroin

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18
Q

schedule II drug

A

medical use with high abuse potential

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19
Q

Schedule III drug

A

less abuse potential, testosterone

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20
Q

Schedule IV

A

Some abuse potential, xanax

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21
Q

schedule V

A

low abuse, cough suppressant w codeine

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22
Q

dietary supplement restriction

A

only allowed to claim effect on body structure, NOT treatment

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23
Q

herbal med interactions

A

increase toxicity or reduce therapy

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24
Q

teratogen

A

causes congenital malformations

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25
Q

FDA pregnancy risk A

A

safe for fetus

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26
Q

pregnancy risk category B

A

not enough studies to decide

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27
Q

pregnancy risk C

A

animal studies show potential harm

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28
Q

Fda pregnancy risk level D

A

possible fetal risk

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29
Q

pregnancy risk x

A

known risk, outweigh any benefits

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30
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

how genes effect our response to drugs

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31
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of disease and injury

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32
Q

pathology

A

study of cells and tissues

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33
Q

disease overview

A

disruption in homeostasis physical, mental, or social

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34
Q

intrinsic disease factors

A

genes, immunity, age, gender

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35
Q

extrinsic disease factors

A

bacteria, behavior, injury, fungi, stress, virus

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36
Q

steps in disease process

A

identification, occurrence, diagnosis, etiology, prognosis

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37
Q

disease stages

A

exposure, onset, remission, convalescence

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38
Q

insidious

A

slowly progressing

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39
Q

latent

A

inactive but able to return

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40
Q

prodromal

A

symptoms before full disease

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41
Q

idiopathic disease

A

cause is unknown, only theories

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42
Q

latrogenic disease

A

from health procedure or some type of medical cause

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43
Q

exacerbation

A

worsening of disease

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44
Q

hypo

A

under

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45
Q

hyper

A

more

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46
Q

penia

A

lack of

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47
Q

cytosis

A

increase in cells

48
Q

osis

A

process or condition

49
Q

itis

A

inflammation

50
Q

pathy

A

disease or suffering

51
Q

overview pharmaceutic phase

A

dissolution

52
Q

pharmacokinetic phase overview and steps

A

drug moving through body and what body does to drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

53
Q

pharmacodynamic phase overview

A

what the drug does to body (MOA)

54
Q

first pass effect

A

metabolism of drug before systemic circulation

55
Q

enteral absorption

A

via GI tract in some way

56
Q

Enteric coated meds

A

intended to break down small intestine

57
Q

SL, buccal, rectal

A

no first pass effect

58
Q

parenteral

A

subq, IM, Iv, etc, fastest, no first pass effect

59
Q

transdermal route

A

application to surfaces, no first pass

60
Q

distribution phase

A

movement of drug through the body

61
Q

blood brain barrier

A

cells in capillary walls that have very tight junctions, drugs must be lipid soluble or have transport system to cross

62
Q

metabolism part of pharmacokinetic phase

A

method by which drugs are inactivated into a metabolite
liver is the major site, can be excreted by kidneys

63
Q

CYP 450

A

isoenyme that metabolizes drugs

64
Q

CYP 450 substrate

A

drug uses it for metabolism

65
Q

CYP 450 inducer

A

speeds up metabolism

66
Q

CYP 450 inhibitor

A

slows metabolism

67
Q

excretion phase of pharmacokinetic phase

A

elimination of drug from the body, only hydrophilic drugs are excreted effectively

68
Q

kidney lbs

A

BUN, creatinine, GFR

69
Q

half life

A

time it takes for concentration to decrease by one half, 4-5 half lives for steady state

70
Q

goal of around the clock dosing

A

maintain 50% concentration

71
Q

onset

A

time it takes for drug to elicit therapeutic response

72
Q

peak

A

time it takes for drug to reach max therapeutic response

73
Q

duration

A

time drug concentration is sufficient to elicit effect

74
Q

pharmacodynamic receptors

A

chemicals interact with drugs to produce effect

75
Q

agonist

A

stimulates/activates
initiates therapeutic effect

76
Q

antagonist

A

inhibits/ blocks other chemicals

77
Q

receptorless activation

A

through chemical or physical interactions with small molecules

78
Q

narrow therapeutic index

A

small window of target range

79
Q

black box

A

very dangerous

80
Q

high alert meds

A

insulin, heparin, opiod, potassium chloride, neuromuscular blocking, chemo

81
Q

additive drug effect

A

2 drugs with similar MOA

82
Q

synergism

A

different moa, but result in combined drug effect greater of one alone

83
Q

activation interaction that increases

A

activates drug metabolizing enzyme in liver and decreases metabolism

84
Q

displacement

A

moves one drug from plasma protein binding sites via second drug, increases effect

85
Q

antidote

A

antagonize toxicity

86
Q

consequences of hepatic changes in older adults

A

metabolized more slowly

87
Q

consequences of cardiac changes in older adults

A

bad circulation

88
Q

consequence of GI change in older adults

A

decreased absorption

89
Q

consequences of renal changes in old adults

A

drugs are excreted less completely

90
Q

inflammation

A

occurs with cell injury, protective mechanism that begins healing

91
Q

inflammation process

A

injury, vasodilation, leukocyte recruitment
phagocytosis

92
Q

serous exudate

A

watery, mild

93
Q

serosanguineous exudate

A

pink tinged fluid, small amount of rbc

94
Q

purulent exudate

A

sever inflammation with bacterial infection

95
Q

hemorrhagic exudate

A

lots of rbc, most severe

96
Q

cytokines lead to

A

fever, neutrophils, lethargy, muscle catabolism

97
Q

major histocompatibility complex

A

cluster of genes that make proteins. go on cell surfaces to identify self

98
Q

specific adaptive immunity

A

recognizes foreign invaders and destroys
b and t cells

99
Q

humoral immunity

A

b cells, memory cells and plasma cells

100
Q

passive immunity

A

transfer of plasma with antibodies to someone without them
mother of fetus
injection of antibodies

101
Q

active immunity

A

protected state due to body response
vaccine

102
Q

traditional vaccine

A

inactivated or killes

103
Q

attenuated

A

weakened organisms

104
Q

toxoids

A

inactivated toxins

105
Q

conjugate vaccine

A

protein attached to disease causing organism to stimulate response

106
Q

normal urinalysis pH

107
Q

atrophy

A

shrinking in cell size

108
Q

physiologic atrophy

A

development issue

109
Q

pathologic atrophy

A

related to change in environmental conditions

110
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of cell

111
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in cell number, pathologic consistent with cancer

112
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal change in size and shape of cells. associated with cancer but is not cancer

113
Q

metaplasia

A

replacement of one cell type to another

114
Q

neoplasia

A

cell growth is not responding to normal regulatory processes

115
Q

necrosis

A

irreversible, swelling and burst of cell

116
Q

gangrene

A

dead tissue breeds bacteria

NUR 325 (3 decks)

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