Week One Flashcards
Throughout the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC), the royal colors were gold and silver.
True
The croquignole wrapping technique was introduced after World War II.
False
Brazilian straightening techniques were introduced in the United States in 2006.
True
Perfume oils are usually acceptable when working in a salon with a no-fragrance policy.
False
A hydraulic chair can be raised or lowered to accommodate stylists of different heights.
True
In cosmetology, customer service is central to success.
True
A consultation need only be performed prior to the client’s first service and salon visit.
False
When discussing haircolor with a client, photos can be confusing.
False
The smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb is the radius.
True
After four years of college, you can become a dermatologist.
False
Vitamins such as A, C, D, and E have been shown to have positive effects on the skin’s health when taken by mouth.
True
The cause of rosacea is unknown.
True
The trick in preventing occupational contact dermatitis is to use gloves or utensils when working with irritating chemicals.
True
Hair is approximately 60 percent protein.
False - Hair is approximately 90 percent protein.
Distilled water is a particularly good conductor.
False
A wall plate is also known as facial stimulator.
True
Microcurrent travels throughout the entire body.
False
Wavy hair does not reflect much light and can be coarse to the touch.
False
To measure symmetry, you should divide the face into four equal parts.
True
The two basic requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and nutrition.
False
Before freshwater enters public water pipelines, small amounts of chlorine are added to kill bacteria.
True
With properly fitted shears, the thumb hole will rest up to or just over the knuckle.
False
Rectangular base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upsweep effect.
True
When pressing gray hair, avoid excessive heat, which may cause discoloration or breakage.
True
With proper care, a braided hair design can last up to 6 months.
False
The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair is called:
a. cosmetology b. nail technology c. barbering d. esthetics
A. Cosmetology
The process of steam distillation was refined by the:
a. Middle Ages b. Romans c. Greeks d. Persians
D. Persians
The barber pole—symbol of the barber-surgeon—has its roots in a medical procedure called:
a. staff b. knifing c. dentistry d. bloodletting
D. Bloodletting
Types of facilities in which cosmetologists work include which of the following?
a. specialty salons b. full-service salons c. day spas d. all answers are correct
D. All answers are correct
The hallmark of professionalism is:
a. posture b. politeness c. trendy makeup d. functional clothing
B. Politeness
Together, the active stage and inactive, or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the:
a. surrounding environment b. beneficial effects c. life cycle of bacteria d. chemical origin of bacteria
C. Life Cycle Of Bacteria
Muscles that separate the fingers are:
a. pronators b. adductors c. extensors d. abductors
D. Abductors
The largest and most complex nerve tissue of the body is the:
a. axon b. brain c. spinal cord d. neurons
D. Neurons
The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions and diseases, is:
a. anatomy b. physiology c. histology d. dermatology
d. dermatology
The surface of healthy skin is slightly:
a. alkaline b. rough c. yellow d. acidic
d. acidic
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the:
a. surface b. epidermis c. dermis d. subcutaneous
b. epidermis
The epidermis layer of the skin is also known as the:
a. dermis layer b. papillary layer c. cuticle layer d. subcutaneous layer
c. cuticle layer
The muscle that causes goose bumps when a person is frightened or cold is the:
a. secretory muscle b. angled muscle c. arrector pili muscle d. absorption muscle
c. arrector pili muscle
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s weight?
a. 35 to 45 percent b. 50 to 70 percent c. 20 to 30 percent d. 40 to 45 percent
b. 50 to 70 percent
A freckle is an example of a mark on the skin called a:
a. bulla b. lesion c. cyst d. pustule
b. lesion
Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are:
a. cysts b. nodules c. keloids d. milia
d. milia
The main food source for acne bacteria is:
a. propionibacterium b. fatty acids c. blood d. oxygen
b. fatty acids
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic skin-aging factor?
a. gravity b. facial expressions c. sun exposure d. genetic aging
c. sun exposure
The five main structures of the hair root include all of the following except the:
a. hair follicle b. epidermis c. dermal papilla d. arrector pili muscle
b. epidermis
Hair that has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing is:
a. medium hair b. gray hair c. fine hair d. coarse hair
d. coarse hair
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is:
a. elasticity b. porosity c. density d. saturation
b. porosity
Ions with a positive electrical charge are considered to be:
a. neutral b. cation c. nonaqueous d. anion
b. cation
A substance that is a particularly good conductor of electricity is:
a. rubber b. silk c. glass d. copper
d. copper
Rubber, silk, wood, and glass are common examples of:
a. currents b. modalities c. converters d. insulators
d. insulators
Infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is known as:
a. anaphoresis b. iontophoresis c. desincrustation d. cataphoresis
b. iontophoresis
The type of current that should not be used on clients who are pregnant, have high blood pressure, or have a pacemaker is:
a. Tesla high-frequency b. battery current c. alternating current d. white light
a. Tesla high-frequency
Curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines are:
a. single-lines b. diagonal lines c. transitional lines d. contrasting lines
c. transitional lines
To draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel, use a:
a. warm color b. dark color c. light color d. recessed color
c. light color
A single line of color, or a series of repeated lines, creates a:
a. thinner and straighter accent b. soft, warm excitement c. closer-to-the-surface accent d. bold, dramatic accent
d. bold, dramatic accent
Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, or chemically relaxed is called:
a. chemically treated b. virgin c. overprocessed d. dry
a. chemically treated
The water-attracting head of the surfactant molecule is:
a. hydrophilic b. lipophilic c. a salt atom d. deionized
a. hydrophilic
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be:
a. medicated b. neutral c. moisturizing d. nonstripping
d. nonstripping
Which type of shampoo should be used when a buildup is evident, after swimming, and prior to all chemical services?
a. balancing shampoo b. clarifying shampoo c. medicated shampoo d. conditioning shampoo
b. clarifying shampoo
The part of the head that is found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head is the:
a. reference points b. temporal ridge c. occipital ridge d. parietal ridge
d. parietal ridge
Elevation creates graduation and layers and is usually described in:
a. degrees b. metrics c. lines d. sections
a. degrees
When securing a roller, one end of the clip should be under the roller and one end:
a. angled at the scalp b. twisted c. inside the roller d. invisible
c. inside the roller
After heating a pressing comb, the temperature of the comb should be tested using:
a. fingers b. a hair section c. cloth d. light paper
d. light paper
A manufactured synthetic fiber used for hair extensions that is durable, soft, and less inclined to tangle than many other synthetics is:
a. rayon b. synthetic c. yarn d. Kanekalon
d. Kanekalon
A simple two-strand braid in which the hair is picked up from the sides and added to strands as they are crossed over each other is the:
a. extension b. fishtail c. inverted d. invisible
b. fishtail
Narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp are:
a. invisible b. box c. cornrows d. fishtail
c. cornrows
Step 6 in creating basic cornrows is:
a. determine the correct size and direction of the cornrow base b. braid to the end c. massage oil throughout scalp and hair d. divide the panel into three even strands
d. divide the panel into three even strands
Capless wigs are more popular than cap wigs as they are considered ready-to-wear and:
a. tight and uncomfortable b. underknotted c. more expensive d. less expensive
d. less expensive
When using heat on human hair wigs, the temperature setting on the styling tool should be:
a. low b. strong c. fast d. high
a. low
To clean a wig, follow the manufacturer’s directions and select a shampoo that is:
a. sulfur based b. alkaline c. medicated d. gentle
d. gentle
The method of attaching extensions to a client’s own hair with a bonding material and heat from a special tool is:
a. locking b. sewing c. fusion bonding d. switch bonding
c. fusion bonding
New York chemist who introduced permanent hair color and founded Clairol.
Lawrence Gelb
Modern version of the cold wave.
alkaline perm
Period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history.
Renaissance
Pioneer in the modern African-American hair care and cosmetics industry.
Sarah Breedlove
Austere and restrictive period in British history, from 1837 and 1901.
Victorian Age
Mineral that is the chief source of mercury, used to make vermillion.
Cinnabar
Name coined by beauty legend Noel DeCaprio.
Day Spa
Inventor, in 1872, of the first curling iron.
Marcel Grateau
The scientific study of hair and its diseases and care
Trichology
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis
Hair Root
The outermost layer of hair
Cuticle
An oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin
Sebum
The growth phase, during which new hair is produced
Anagen
The medical term for ringworm
Tinea
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy
Postpartum alopecia
The technical term for brittle hair
Fragilitas crinium
Long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids
Proteins
Refers to the shape of the hair strand
Wave Pattern
Traditional updo sometimes called a classic French twist
Pleat
Curl placed directly on its base to produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl
No-stem Curl
Thermal curls placed very high on their base, providing maximum lift or volume
Volume-base curls
Styling product that is lighter and less viscous than firm-hold gels, used for easy styling, defining, and molding
Texturizer
Nozzle attachment of a blowdryer that directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely
Concentrator
Also called thermal waving and curling
Marcel waving
Styling product that adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition
Silicone
Haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the Ice Age.
True
Ancient people used animal hide as a colorant for hair.
False
Throughout the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC), the royal colors were gold and silver.
True
The croquignole wrapping technique was introduced after World War II.
False
Having good life skills builds high self-esteem.
True
If you find studying overwhelming, you should focus on large tasks all at once.
FALSE - If you find studying overwhelming, you should focus on small tasks one at a time.
In cosmetology, customer service is central to success.
True
A consultation need only be performed prior to the client’s first service and salon visit.
FALSE - A consultation should be performed, to some degree, as part of every single service and salon visit.
When discussing haircolor with a client, photos can be confusing.
FALSE - Because vocabulary can be confusing when discussing color, you should use pictures as much as possible.
Older clients do not like gum chewing, slang, or the use of yeah instead of yes.
True
Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment is called systemic disease.
False
Viruses are not affected by antibiotics.
True
Acquired immunity is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
False
Use of disinfectants as hand cleaners can cause skin irritation and allergy.
True
UV sanitizers are useful disinfection tools.
False
The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called protoplasm.
True
Nerve tissue carries messages to the brain and is made up of special cells known as neurons.
True
The cranium is made up of eight bones.
True
The largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw is the maxillae.
False The largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw is the mandible.
The smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb is the radius.
True
Sodium chloride is water.
False
Sodium chloride is common table salt.
Cold cream is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids.
False
Cold cream is an example of a water-in-oil emulsion.
Electricity does not occupy space or have physical or chemical properties.
True
Microcurrent travels throughout the entire body.
False
The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair is called:
a. nail technology b. cosmetology c. esthetics d. barbering
B. Cosmetology
The first to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits were:
a. the Romans b. the Indians c. the Renaissance d. the Egyptians
d. the Egyptians
During the Victorian Age, women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to:
a. create a mask b. induce natural color c. punish themselves d. ready themselves for sleep
b. induce natural color
The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as:
a. directors of sales b. directors of styles c. directors of cosmetics d. distributor sales consultants
d. distributor sales consultants
Your license will unlock countless doors for employment; however, your career will be fueled with:
a. focusing on hair cutting b. poor taste and dishonesty c. skills and gossiping d. personal dedication and passion
d. personal dedication and passion
A success strategy where you imagine yourself working in your dream salon is:
a. procrastination b. self-esteem c. arrogance d. visualization
d. visualization
The inner desire that propels you to do something is:
a. development b. manners c. procrastination d. motivation
d. motivation
The hallmark of professionalism is:
a. trendy makeup b. posture c. politeness d. functional clothing
c. politeness
Guidelines for good work posture include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. keep chest up and out b. sit with a straight back c. hold shoulders high d. elongate the neck
c. hold shoulders high
Which of the following will help counter the negative effects of repetitive motions?
a. reaching across the table when giving a manicure b. stretching and walking around at intervals c. bending the neck when standing d. holding elbows away from body when cutting
b. stretching and walking around at intervals
A tennis ball is useful in exercises to release stress from repetitive movement of which body part?
a. shoulders b. wrist c. ankles d. fingers
d. fingers
An important aspect of human relations is to:
a. talk less, listen more b. interrupt often c. avoid eye contact d. talk more, listen less
a. talk less, listen more
The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as:
a. reflective listening b. mutual respect c. effective communication d. reflexive language
c. effective communication
A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns is said to have what kind of style?
a. plain b. dramatic c. simple d. classic
d. classic
You should ask the client what at-home products she uses as part of which step of the consultation?
a. review client’s lifestyle b. determine client’s preferences c. analyze client’s hair d. show and tell
c. analyze client’s hair
When communicating with your salon manager, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. be open and honest b. complain about colleagues c. check your attitude d. get your facts straight
b. complain about colleagues
Laws are also called:
a. guidelines b. rules c. statutes d. regulations
c. statutes
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria can result in a(n):
a. inflammation b. infection c. abrasion d. antitoxin
b. infection
Which term means to remove all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water?
a. sterilize b. antiseptic c. disinfect d. clean
d. clean
A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of:
a. tissue b. blood c. lesions d. pus
d. pus
A pimple or an abscess is an example of a:
a. general infection b. local infection c. blood disease d. daughter cell
b. local infection
Which fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon?
a. staph b. tinea pedis c. mildew d. tinea barbae
c. mildew
The most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services is:
a. tinea pedis b. tinea barbae c. barber’s itch d. tinea capitis
a. tinea pedis
Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organism are called:
a. fumigations b. parasites c. fungi d. pathogens
b. parasites
Which of the following is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?
a. using an ultrasonic unit b. using a cleaning solvent c. washing with soap and water, then scrubbing with a clean, disinfected nail brush d. All answers are correct.
d. All answers are correct.
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n):
a. parasite b. allergy c. infection d. disease
b. allergy
When hand washing, it is important to rub hands together for a minimum of how long?
a. 20 seconds b. 30 seconds c. 2 minutes d. 1 minute
a. 20 seconds
Universal Precautions for bloodborne pathogens are regulated by:
a. DOE b. DOL c. FDA d. OSHA
d. OSHA
The basic unit of all living things is:
a. blood b. bacteria c. plasma d. cells
d. cells
The chemical process in living organisms whereby cells are nourished and carry out their activities is:
a. division b. metabolism c. mitosis d. reproduction
b. metabolism
The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within cells into smaller ones is:
a. mitosis b. anabolism c. cell division d. catabolism
d. catabolism
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the:
a. occipital b. frontal c. temporal d. mandible
a. occipital
The bone that forms the forehead is the:
a. frontal b. occipital c. parietal d. hyoid
a. frontal
The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the:
a. sphenoid bone b. ethmoid bone c. parietal bone d. malar bone
a. sphenoid bone
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the:
a. tibia b. fibula c. patella d. femur
d. femur
Pressure in massage is usually directed from the:
a. insertion to the origin b. insertion to beginning c. origin to the insertion d. front to sides
a. insertion to the origin
The muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head is the:
a. sternocleidomastoideus b. masseter c. temporalis d. aponeurosis
a. sternocleidomastoideus
The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?
a. six b. two c. four d. three
d. three
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are:
a. arteries b. capillaries c. veins d. buccinators
c. veins
Which blood component gives blood its color?
a. white blood cells b. plasma c. platelets d. hemoglobin
d. hemoglobin
The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down without the loss of identity is a(n):
a. element b. substance c. energy d. mineral
a. element
Elements differ from one another because of the difference in the structure of their:
a. atoms b. occupying elements c. elemental molecules d. deionized elements
a. atoms
Chemically combining two or more atoms produces a:
a. mixture b. molecule c. miscible d. substance
b. molecule
The chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements produces a(n):
a. solution b. neutral c. acid d. compound
d. compound
Air contains many substances, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and is an example of a:
a. chemical compound b. pure substance c. physical mixture d. chemical change
c. physical mixture
A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a(n):
a. solvent b. immiscible c. solid d. solute
a. solvent
Substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are:
a. alkanolamines b. volatile alcohols c. resolute d. carbons
a. alkanolamines
A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates a(n):
a. acidic solution b. alkaline solution c. neutral solution d. volatile solution
c. neutral solution
Electricity travels how many miles per second?
a. 25,000 b. 100,000 c. 60,000 d. 186,000
d. 186,000
Infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is known as:
a. cataphoresis b. iontophoresis c. desincrustation d. anaphoresis
b. iontophoresis
The moral principles by which we live and work
Ethics
To list tasks in the order of most-to-least important
Prioritize
Putting off until tomorrow what you can do today
Procrastination
Establishes values the institution lives by as well as target goals
Mission Statement
Conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen
Game Plan
Also known as tact; the ability to deliver truthful messages in a kind way
Diplomacy
Your posture, as well as the way you walk and move
Physical Presentation
The impression you project through your outward appearance and conduct
professional image
Daily maintenance of cleanliness through the practice of good sanitary habits
personal hygiene
Collection of items to maintain sanitary habits at work
hygiene pack
Number of viable organisms in or on the object or surface or organic material on a surface or object prior to decontamination or sterilization
bioburden
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms
toxins
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria
spirilla
Process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores
sterilization
Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, registered and regulated by the FDA
antiseptics
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces
disinfectants
Short rod-shaped bacteria
bacilli
The highly sensitive dermis layer of connective tissue is about 10 times thicker than the epidermis.
False
Vitamins such as A, C, D, and E have been shown to have positive effects on the skin’s health when taken by mouth.
True
Cosmetologists refer clients with medical issues to dermatologists more than any other type of physician.
True
A nodule is a secondary lesion that does not require medical attention.
False
A closed comedo is also known as a blackhead.
False
Milia resemble small sesame seeds and are commonly associated with newborn babies.
True
Acne is also known as sebaceous vulgaris.
False
Nearly 60 percent of aging is caused by the rays of the sun.
False
The trick in preventing occupational contact dermatitis is to use gloves or utensils when working with irritating chemicals.
True
The Greek words trichos means “hair.”
True
The body produces the 20 amino acids that make up hair.
False - The body can produce 11 of the 20 amino acids that make up hair, but your daily diet must include the remaining 9 essential amino acids.
The sebaceous glands contain the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth.
False - The dermal papilla contains the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth.
The hair cuticle consists of an overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.
True
Hair is approximately 60 percent protein.
False - Hair is approximately 90 percent protein.
Eumelanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.
False - Pheomelanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.
Vellus hair is not pigmented and almost never has a medulla.
True
The complete loss of all body hair is known as alopecia totalis.
FALSE - Complete body hair loss is called alopecia universalis.
You should not perform a service on a client who has seborrheic dermatitis.
True
The two basic requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and nutrition.
FALSE - The two basic requirements for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and stimulation.
Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp before a service is not recommended for highlighting.
True
Hair should always be shampooed daily.
FALSE - Hair should only be shampooed as often as necessary; excessive shampooing strips the hair of its protective oil.
Before freshwater enters public water pipelines, small amounts of chlorine are added to kill bacteria.
True
A wet draping is also known as a shampoo draping.
True
The surface of healthy skin is slightly:
a. acidic b. alkaline c. yellow d. rough
a. acidic
All of the following are appendages of the skin EXCEPT:
a. sebaceous glands b. hair c. pineal gland d. nails
c. pineal gland
The epidermis layer of the skin is also known as the:
a. papillary layer b. dermis layer c. cuticle layer d. subcutaneous layer
c. cuticle layer
The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma corium, cutis, or true skin, is the:
a. papillary b. epidermis c. dermis d. dermal
c. dermis
The dermis layer is made up of two layers, which are the:
a. tactile and reticular b. papillary and reticular c. papillary and dermal d. dermal and tactile
b. papillary and reticular
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is the:
a. dermis corpuscles b. epidermal–dermal junction c. epidermis junction d. epidermal–dermal connection
b. epidermal–dermal junction
Fatty tissue found below the dermis is:
a. papillae b. subcutaneous tissue c. tactile d. papillary layer
b. subcutaneous tissue
Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?
a. sensory b. motor c. secretory d. All answers are correct.
b. motor
The tiny grains of pigment deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are:
a. keratin b. melanin c. protein d. collagen
b. melanin
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s weight?
a. 20 to 30 percent b. 50 to 70 percent c. 35 to 45 percent d. 40 to 45 percent
b. 50 to 70 percent
A large blister containing a watery fluid is a:
a. papule b. freckle c. sac d. bulla
d. bulla
A flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a:
a. lesion b. macule c. bulla d. pustule
b. macule
Lesions of the skin characterized by piles of material on the skin surface are:
a. excessive lesions b. primary skin lesions c. secondary skin lesions d. contagious skin lesions
c. secondary skin lesions
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing comprise a:
a. vesicle b. macule c. tubercle d. crust
d. crust
Cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are:
a. tubercles b. tissues c. fissures d. tumors
c. fissures
A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue is known as a:
a. keloid b. cyst c. stain d. bulla
a. keloid
An open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a(n):
a. lentigo b. scar c. ulcer d. wheal
c. ulcer
Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a:
a. stain b. keratoma c. mole d. wart
d. wart (verruca)
Dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of:
a. leukoderma b. keratoma c. malignant rosacea d. malignant melanoma
d. malignant melanoma
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic skin-aging factor?
a. facial expressions b. sun exposure c. genetic aging d. gravity
b. sun exposure
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the:
a. melanin b. medulla c. cortex d. root
c. cortex
The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the:
a. medulla b. cuticle c. sebum d. cortex
d. cortex
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a:
a. polypeptide chain b. polymer chain c. amino-peptide chain d. keratin chain
a. polypeptide chain
A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a:
a. salt bond b. carbon bond c. sulfur bond d. hydrogen bond
a. salt bond
Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to:
a. carbon bonds b. sulfur bonds c. lanthionine bonds d. hydrogen bonds
c. lanthionine bonds
All natural hair color is the result of pigment located in the cortex called:
a. melanin b. tissue c. sebum d. proteins
a. melanin
Vellus hair is the is short, fine, and downy hair also known as:
a. lanugo hair b. terminal hair c. straight hair d. melanin
a. lanugo hair
The resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed is the:
a. catagen phase b. telogen phase c. transition phase d. anagen phase
b. telogen phase
The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is:
a. alopecia totalis b. androgenic alopecia c. alopecia areata d. postpartum alopecia
c. alopecia areata
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for:
a. split ends b. beaded hair c. hair loss d. knotted hair
a. split ends
A severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum is:
a. tinea favosa b. pityriasis capitis c. pityriasis papules d. pityriasis steatoides
d. pityriasis steatoides
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by:
a. parasites b. subcutaneous tissue c. seborrheic dermatitis d. fungal organisms
d. fungal organisms
An infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is:
a. alopecia areata b. vesicles parasites c. pediculosis furuncle d. pediculosis capitis
d. pediculosis capitis
The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp is:
a. elasticity b. diameter c. porosity d. density
d. density
Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a solution that is:
a. absorbent b. less alkaline c. more alkaline d. gentle
c. more alkaline
Hair flowing in the same direction, the result of follicles sloping in the same direction form a:
a. hair whorl b. hair stream c. cowlick d. section
b. hair stream
Do not massage or manipulate a client’s scalp if you detect the presence of:
a. abrasions b. medication c. color d. keratin
a. abrasions
A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a(n):
a. abrasion test b. hair and scalp examination c. conditioning treatment d. shampoo procedure
b. hair and scalp examination
Brushes with bristles that have tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair, are:
a. nylon b. rounded c. natural d. synthetic
c. natural
To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without:
a. cleaning residue and products b. clarifying scalp and hair c. stripping hair of bacteria d. adversely affecting scalp or hair
d. adversely affecting scalp or hair
Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, or chemically relaxed is called:
a. dry b. virgin c. chemically treated d. overprocessed
c. chemically treated
The main ingredient of most shampoos is:
a. water b. surfactants c. detergent d. botanicals
a. water
Ingredients in shampoos are listed according to the percentages of each ingredient or in:
a. volume order b. descending order c. alphabetical order d. ascending order
b. descending order
Shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair are:
a. pH-balanced b. alkaline-based c. deionized d. alkaline-balanced
a. pH-balanced
Two conditioning agents that restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft are:
a. melanin and biotin b. protein and biotin c. protein and oils d. collagen and niacin
b. protein and biotin
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be:
a. nonstripping b. moisturizing c. medicated d. neutral
a. nonstripping
During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the:
a. ear area b. crown area c. nape area d. hairline
d. hairline
Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture are known as:
a. keratin b. astringents c. humectants d. deionized
c. humectants
When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a(n):
a. zigzag movement b. back-and-forth movement c. side-to-side movement d. up-and-down movement
b. back-and-forth movement
Allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance
Sensitization
Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches
Leukoderma
Inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances
Contact dermatitis
Small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin
Skin tag
Large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum
Sebaceous cyst
Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape
Stain
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
Excoriation
The scientific study of hair and its diseases and care
Trichology
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis
Hair root
The outermost layer of hair
Cuticle
An oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin
Sebum
The growth phase, during which new hair is produced
Anagen
The medical term for ringworm
Tinea
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy
Postpartum alopecia
The technical term for brittle hair
Fragilitas crinium
Long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids
Proteins
Refers to the shape of the hair strand
Wave pattern
Avoiding a procedure or condition that may produce undesirable side effects
Contraindicated
Also known as surfactants, these are cleansing or surface active agents
Detergents
Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within, and to temporarily reconstruct the hair
Protein conditioner
Contain an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes them from the hair
Clarifying shampoo
Also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, chemical mixtures of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer
Deep-conditioning treatments
Also known as powder shampoo
Dry shampoo
Chemical agent that deposits protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair’s strength, to give hair body, and to protect hair against possible breakage
Conditioners
Washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out
Balancing shampoo
Inspiration for design can come from almost anywhere, at any time.
True
Texture creates the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle.
FALSE: Lines create the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle.
An example of the use of single lines is the one-length hairstyle.
True
Wavy hair does not reflect much light and can be coarse to the touch.
False
To measure symmetry, you should divide the face into four equal parts.
True
Zigzag partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle.
FALSE: Diagonal back partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle.
A cowlick is an example of a growth pattern.
True
Steel for professional haircutting shears is mainly manufactured in Brazil.
False
Optimally, shears should have a Rockwell hardness of 63 or higher.
False
If blade tension is too loose, it will allow the shears to fold the hair.
True
The professional hairstylist is responsible for educating clients about at-home maintenance and styling options for their hair.
True
Pin curls do not work on naturally curly hair.
False
Velcro rollers are used only on wet hair.
False
Silicone adds weight to the hair by causing strands to join together, showing separation in the hair.
False
The most widely used hairstyling product is gel.
False
When pressing gray hair, avoid excessive heat, which may cause discoloration or breakage.
True
Hair braiding originated in Africa.
True
Within the natural hairstyling/braiding world, hair is referred to as natural or virgin if it has never had any chemical treatments.
True
The traditional cornrow is flat, natural, and contoured to the scalp.
True
In lock braiding, the client’s hair is braided along with an extension, but the finished look shows mostly faux hair.
False
In tree braiding, the client’s hair is braided along with an extension, but the finished look shows mostly faux hair.
Perukes were wigs worn by the ancient Egyptians as sun protection.
False
Perukes were wigs worn by men in eighteenth-century England to indicate that they were in the army or navy, or engaged in the practice of law.
Synthetic hair is very realistic, but it is more expensive than human hair.
False
Synthetic hair is a great value: it’s very realistic, and is less expensive than human hair.
Today, most wigs are cut and finished on a block, and then cleaned and stored on a drying rack.
False
Today, most wigs are cut and finished while on the client, and then cleaned and stored on a drying rack.
When cleaning a wig made of human hair, you should also condition it.
True
The element of hair design that defines form and space is:
a. texture b. color c. space d. line
d. line
Curved lines repeating in opposite directions create a(n):
a. diagonal b. wave c. dimension d. element
b. wave
The wave pattern used to accentuate the face and narrow a round head shape should be:
a. curly b. combination c. alternating d. smooth
d. smooth
The comparative relationship of one thing to another in hair design is called:
a. volume b. principles c. contrasting d. proportion
d. proportion
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry in a design is called:
a. asymmetrical b. balance c. silhouette d. volume
b. balance
The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is the:
a. harmony b. rhythm c. design d. pattern
b. rhythm
The two defining characteristics of hair type are:
a. hair color and head profiles b. hair texture and hair length c. wave patterns and hair texture d. wave patterns and hair color
c. wave patterns and hair texture
To offset or round out the square facial type, choose a style that has:
a. the illusion of width in the forehead b. volume around areas between the temples and jaw and adds width around ears c. the illusion of length to the face d. no volume around the area between the temples and no width around ears
b. volume around areas between the temples and jaw and adds width around ears
The profile that is considered to be ideal is the:
a. convex profile b. concave profile c. straight profile d. balanced profile
c. straight profile
Lighter highlights may be used at the temples to create the illusion of:
a. division b. width c. space d. height
b. width
The part of the head that is found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head is the:
a. reference points b. parietal ridge c. occipital ridge d. temporal ridge
b. parietal ridge
Placing a comb flat against the nape of the head and finding where the comb leaves the head can be used to locate the:
a. four corners b. parietal ridge c. occipital bone d. reference points
c. occipital bone
The nape area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the:
a. neckline b. occipital bone c. front d. temporal bone
b. occipital bone
Lines in haircutting that are parallel to the horizon, or the floor are:
a. horizontal lines b. elevation lines c. vertical lines d. weight lines
a. horizontal lines
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of:
a. angles b. long layers c. corners d. graduation
a. angles
When you are building weight in a haircut, the hair should be held:
a. below 90 degrees b. straight c. above 90 degrees d. at no elevation
a. below 90 degrees
In creating a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts, the technique to use is:
a. overdirection b. stacking c. beveling d. traveling
a. overdirection
The growth pattern is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the:
a. hair texture b. natural falling position c. outer perimeter d. natural hairline
b. natural falling position
Which of the following best describes fine, thin hair?
a. needs weight, limp b. texturizing necessary c. very short cuts do not work d. razors may frizz hair
a. needs weight, limp
Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are:
a. design shears b. clippers c. haircutting shears d. notching shears
d. notching shears
Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?
a. all-purpose comb b. tail comb c. barber comb d. wide-tooth comb
d. wide-tooth comb
Before purchasing shears, the stylist should:
a. analyze the cost of the shears b. determine how many pairs are needed c. ask about the service agreement d. All answers are correct.
d. All answers are correct.
When cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line, the best way to maintain control of the subsection is to cut:
a. using a razor b. below fingers c. palm-to-palm d. over fingers
c. palm-to-palm
A one-length haircut where all the hair comes to a single hanging level is also known as a:
a. layer cut b. graduated cut c. shingled cut d. blunt cut
d. blunt cut
The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is:
a. texturizing b. beveling c. stacking d. tapering
a. texturizing
Thinning hair using a sliding movement with the blades of the shear partially opened to reduce volume and create movement is:
a. beveling b. slicing c. notching d. slithering
d. slithering
A type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to finger wave is:
a. waving lotion b. conditioning lotion c. elastic lotion d. firming lotion
a. waving lotion
Along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style, the recommended base to use is:
a. oblong base b. square base c. triangular base d. rectangular base
c. triangular base
Arc pin curls are also known as half-moon or:
a. S-shape base curls b. no-stem base curls c. square base curls d. C-shape base curls
d. C-shape base curls
When securing a roller, one end of the clip should be under the roller and one end:
a. twisted b. inside the roller c. invisible d. angled at the scalp
b. inside the roller
Styling foam, a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam, is also called:
a. liquid gel b. texturizer c. mousse d. straightening gel
c. mousse
The edges on flat irons that create smooth, straight styles on very curly hair are:
a. beveled b. straight c. outer d. round
b. straight
As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than:
a. long hair b. fine hair c. conditioned hair d. short hair
b. fine hair
Hanging curls that are suitable for medium to long hairstyles are:
a. spiral curls b. barrel curls c. roll curls d. flat curls
a. spiral curls
Curls that offer a curl option with only slight lift or volume are:
a. off-base curls b. volume-base curls c. full-volume curls d. half-base curls
a. off-base curls
The type of hair pressing service that removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl is the:
a. soft press b. classic press c. hard press d. medium press
a. soft press
To remove the carbon buildup from the metal portion of a pressing comb, immerse the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing:
a. baking soda b. hydrogen peroxide c. ammonia water d. sodium hydroxide
a. baking soda
The press performed when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration or dampness is a:
a. chemical press b. moderate press c. soft press d. touch-up
d. touch-up
To avoid client misunderstanding and ensure a happy ending to every natural hairstyling service, perform a thorough:
a. approach b. image c. style d. consultation
d. consultation
Brushes with widely spaced protective pins used on human hair extensions or to gently remove tangles from wet wavy or dry curly hair are:
a. double-tooth b. square brushes c. tail brushes d. vent brushes
d. vent brushes
Which tool is useful for lifting and separating textured hair?
a. cutting comb b. tail comb c. pick with rounded teeth d. double-toothed comb
c. pick with rounded teeth
The blow-dryer attachment that stretches and softens textured hair and loosens the curl pattern is a:
a. concentrator b. pick nozzle c. diffuser d. butterfly clip
b. pick nozzle
An imported wool fiber available in black or brown with a matte finish that is used in hair extensions is:
a. lin b. rayon c. yak d. linen
a. lin
Blowdrying softens textured hair, stretches the hair shaft length, and:
a. reduces a wave pattern b. thickens the diameter c. elongates a wave pattern d. shrinks a wave pattern
c. elongates a wave pattern
The terms single braids, box braids, or individual braids all refer to:
a. extension braids b. inverted braids c. free-hanging braids d. underhand braids
c. free-hanging braids
The name for separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together is:
a. braiding b. locks c. cornrows d. twisting
b. locks
The least expensive wig option is:
a. capless wigs b. hand-tied c. machine made d. semi-hand-tied
c. machine made
When using heat on human hair wigs, the temperature setting on the styling tool should be:
a. high b. fast c. low d. strong
c. low
All synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the hair color ring used by manufacturers, which contains:
a. 70 colors b. 50 colors c. 20 colors d. 90 colors
a. 70 colors
Hairpieces that have openings at the base through which the client’s hair is blended are:
a. switches b. cascade c. wiglets d. integration
d. integration
Positioned between horizontal and vertical lines, often used to emphasize or minimize facial features
Diagonal lines
Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction, used to soften a design
Curved lines
Lines with a definite forward or backward movement
Directional lines
Refers to wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for a client
Design texture
Established when an imaginary line is drawn through the center of the face and the two resulting halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly
Asymmetrical balance
Also known as focus, in a design is what draws the eye first, before it travels to the rest of the design
Emphasis
Face with a receding forehead and chin
Convex profile
Face with a prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward
Concave profile
The triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners
Fringe area
The triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners
Fringe area
Triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners
Bang area
Where and how hair is moved over the head
Distribution
Hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck
Hairline
A visual line in the haircut, where the ends of the hair hang together
Weight line
The amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a haircut
Tension
More aggressive version of point cutting that creates a chunkier effect
Notching
The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting
Elevation
Technique using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length
Beveling
Pin curls fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design
Cascade curls
Traditional updo sometimes called a classic French twist
Pleat
Curl placed directly on its base to produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl
No-stem curl
Thermal curls placed very high on their base, providing maximum lift or volume
Volume-base curls
Styling product that is lighter and less viscous than firm-hold gels, used for easy styling, defining, and molding
Texturizer
Nozzle attachment of a blowdryer that directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely
Concentrator
Also called thermal waving and curling
Marcel waving
Styling product that adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition
Silicone
